Bacterial Canker Disease on <i>Populus</i> × <i>euramericana</i> Caused by <i>Lonsdalea populi</i> in Serbia
<i>Populus</i> × <i>euramericana</i> (Dode) Guinier clone (cl.) “I-214” is a fast-growing interspecific hybrid between Eastern cottonwood (<i>P. deltoides</i> Bartr. ex Marsh) and European black poplar (<i>Populus nigra</i> L.). <i>Populus</i&...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/10/1080 |
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| author | Milica Zlatković Imola Tenorio-Baigorria Tamás Lakatos Tímea Tóth András Koltay Predrag Pap Miroslav Marković Saša Orlović |
| author_facet | Milica Zlatković Imola Tenorio-Baigorria Tamás Lakatos Tímea Tóth András Koltay Predrag Pap Miroslav Marković Saša Orlović |
| author_sort | Milica Zlatković |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Populus</i> × <i>euramericana</i> (Dode) Guinier clone (cl.) “I-214” is a fast-growing interspecific hybrid between Eastern cottonwood (<i>P. deltoides</i> Bartr. ex Marsh) and European black poplar (<i>Populus nigra</i> L.). <i>Populus</i> × <i>euramericana</i> was introduced into Serbia in the 1950s and has become one of the most widely grown poplar species. In September 2019, cankers were observed on stems and branches of <i>P.</i> × <i>euramericana</i> cl. “I-214” trees in a two-year-old poplar plantation in the province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The canker tissue was soft and watery, and a colorless fluid that smelled rotten flowed from the cracks in the bark, suggesting possible bacterial disease. After two weeks, diseased trees experienced crown die-back and oozing of foamy, odorous exudates and this study aimed to identify the causal agent of the disease. Canker margins and exudates were collected from 20 symptomatic trees. The associated bacterium was isolated and identified using biochemical characteristics, phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, and multilocus sequence analyses (MLSA) based on partial sequencing of three housekeeping genes (<i>gyrB</i>, <i>infB</i>, and <i>atpD</i>). The pathogen was identified as <i>Lonsdalea populi</i>. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on rooted cuttings of <i>P.</i> × <i>euramericana</i> cl. “I-214” in an environmental test chamber and demonstrated that the isolated bacterial strain was able to reproduce symptoms of softened, water-soaked cankers and exudation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>L. populi</i> causing bacterial canker disease on <i>P.</i> × <i>euramericana</i> cl. “I-214” in Serbia and in southeastern Europe (SEE). It is also the first report of a bacterial disease on hybrid poplars, including <i>P.</i> × <i>euramericana</i> in this country and in SEE. If the disease spreads into new areas, selection for <i>L. populi</i> resistance may need to be integrated into future poplar breeding programs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:45:33Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:45:33Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-30d404d31d8f4b58b683488ae8e60ff32023-11-20T16:27:51ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072020-10-011110108010.3390/f11101080Bacterial Canker Disease on <i>Populus</i> × <i>euramericana</i> Caused by <i>Lonsdalea populi</i> in SerbiaMilica Zlatković0Imola Tenorio-Baigorria1Tamás Lakatos2Tímea Tóth3András Koltay4Predrag Pap5Miroslav Marković6Saša Orlović7Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment (ILFE), University of Novi Sad, Antona Čehova 13d, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaDepartment of Forest Protection, NARIC Forest Research Institute (ERTI), Hegyalja utca 18, 3232 Mátrafüred, HungaryNARIC Fruitculture Research Institute, Vadas-tag 2, 4244 Újfehértó, HungaryNARIC Fruitculture Research Institute, Vadas-tag 2, 4244 Újfehértó, HungaryDepartment of Forest Protection, NARIC Forest Research Institute (ERTI), Hegyalja utca 18, 3232 Mátrafüred, HungaryInstitute of Lowland Forestry and Environment (ILFE), University of Novi Sad, Antona Čehova 13d, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaInstitute of Lowland Forestry and Environment (ILFE), University of Novi Sad, Antona Čehova 13d, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaInstitute of Lowland Forestry and Environment (ILFE), University of Novi Sad, Antona Čehova 13d, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia<i>Populus</i> × <i>euramericana</i> (Dode) Guinier clone (cl.) “I-214” is a fast-growing interspecific hybrid between Eastern cottonwood (<i>P. deltoides</i> Bartr. ex Marsh) and European black poplar (<i>Populus nigra</i> L.). <i>Populus</i> × <i>euramericana</i> was introduced into Serbia in the 1950s and has become one of the most widely grown poplar species. In September 2019, cankers were observed on stems and branches of <i>P.</i> × <i>euramericana</i> cl. “I-214” trees in a two-year-old poplar plantation in the province of Vojvodina, Serbia. The canker tissue was soft and watery, and a colorless fluid that smelled rotten flowed from the cracks in the bark, suggesting possible bacterial disease. After two weeks, diseased trees experienced crown die-back and oozing of foamy, odorous exudates and this study aimed to identify the causal agent of the disease. Canker margins and exudates were collected from 20 symptomatic trees. The associated bacterium was isolated and identified using biochemical characteristics, phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, and multilocus sequence analyses (MLSA) based on partial sequencing of three housekeeping genes (<i>gyrB</i>, <i>infB</i>, and <i>atpD</i>). The pathogen was identified as <i>Lonsdalea populi</i>. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on rooted cuttings of <i>P.</i> × <i>euramericana</i> cl. “I-214” in an environmental test chamber and demonstrated that the isolated bacterial strain was able to reproduce symptoms of softened, water-soaked cankers and exudation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of <i>L. populi</i> causing bacterial canker disease on <i>P.</i> × <i>euramericana</i> cl. “I-214” in Serbia and in southeastern Europe (SEE). It is also the first report of a bacterial disease on hybrid poplars, including <i>P.</i> × <i>euramericana</i> in this country and in SEE. If the disease spreads into new areas, selection for <i>L. populi</i> resistance may need to be integrated into future poplar breeding programs.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/10/1080<i>Populus</i> × <i>euramericana</i><i>Lonsdalea populi</i>canker diseasespoplar diseasesbacterial canker of poplarsdie-back of poplars |
| spellingShingle | Milica Zlatković Imola Tenorio-Baigorria Tamás Lakatos Tímea Tóth András Koltay Predrag Pap Miroslav Marković Saša Orlović Bacterial Canker Disease on <i>Populus</i> × <i>euramericana</i> Caused by <i>Lonsdalea populi</i> in Serbia Forests <i>Populus</i> × <i>euramericana</i> <i>Lonsdalea populi</i> canker diseases poplar diseases bacterial canker of poplars die-back of poplars |
| title | Bacterial Canker Disease on <i>Populus</i> × <i>euramericana</i> Caused by <i>Lonsdalea populi</i> in Serbia |
| title_full | Bacterial Canker Disease on <i>Populus</i> × <i>euramericana</i> Caused by <i>Lonsdalea populi</i> in Serbia |
| title_fullStr | Bacterial Canker Disease on <i>Populus</i> × <i>euramericana</i> Caused by <i>Lonsdalea populi</i> in Serbia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bacterial Canker Disease on <i>Populus</i> × <i>euramericana</i> Caused by <i>Lonsdalea populi</i> in Serbia |
| title_short | Bacterial Canker Disease on <i>Populus</i> × <i>euramericana</i> Caused by <i>Lonsdalea populi</i> in Serbia |
| title_sort | bacterial canker disease on i populus i i euramericana i caused by i lonsdalea populi i in serbia |
| topic | <i>Populus</i> × <i>euramericana</i> <i>Lonsdalea populi</i> canker diseases poplar diseases bacterial canker of poplars die-back of poplars |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/10/1080 |
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