TAPaC—tobacco-associated particulate matter emissions inside a car cabin: establishment of a new measuring platform
Abstract Background Particulate matter (PM) emission caused by tobacco combustion leads to severe health burdens worldwide. Second-hand smoke exposure is extraordinarily high in enclosed spaces (e.g., indoor rooms, car cabins) and poses a particular threat to the health of vulnerable individuals (e....
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-022-00359-x |
| _version_ | 1818082419525287936 |
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| author | Lukas Pitten Dörthe Brüggmann Janis Dröge Markus Braun David A. Groneberg |
| author_facet | Lukas Pitten Dörthe Brüggmann Janis Dröge Markus Braun David A. Groneberg |
| author_sort | Lukas Pitten |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Particulate matter (PM) emission caused by tobacco combustion leads to severe health burdens worldwide. Second-hand smoke exposure is extraordinarily high in enclosed spaces (e.g., indoor rooms, car cabins) and poses a particular threat to the health of vulnerable individuals (e.g., children, elderly, etc.). This study aimed to establish a new measuring platform and investigate PM emissions under four different ventilation conditions inside a car cabin without exposing any person to harmful tobacco smoke. Methods PM concentrations were measured during the smoking of 3R4F reference cigarettes in a Mitsubishi Space Runner (interior volume 3.709 m3). The cigarettes were smoked with a machine, eliminating exposure of the researchers. Cigarettes were extinguished 4.5 min after ignition, and PM measurements continued until 10 min after ignition. Results High mean PM concentrations were measured for cigarettes without ventilation after 4.5 min (PM10: 1150 µg/m3, PM2.5: 1132 µg/m3, PM1: 861.6 µg/m3) and after 10 min (PM10: 1608 µg/m3, PM2.5: 1583 µg/m3, PM1: 1133 µg/m3). 3R4F smoked under conditions with turned on ventilation resulted in reduction of PM compared to those smoked without ventilation after 4.5 min (PM10:-47.5 to -58.4%, PM2.5:-47.2 to -58%, PM1:-39.6 to -50.2%) and after 10 min (PM10:-70.8 to -74.4%, PM2.5:-70.6 to -74.3%, PM1:-64.0 to -68.0%). Cigarettes smoked without ventilation generated high PM peaks at 4.5 min (PM10: 2207 µg/m3, PM2.5: 2166 µg/m3, PM1: 1421 µg/m3) and at 10 min (PM10: 1989 µg/m3, PM2.5: 1959 µg/m3, PM1: 1375 µg/m3). PM peaks of cigarettes smoked under different ventilation modes varied at 4.5 min (PM10: 630-845 µg/m3, PM2.5: 625-836 µg/m3, PM1: 543 - 693 µg/m3) and 10 min (PM10: 124 - 130 µg/m3, PM2.5: 124 - 129 µg/m3, PM1: 118 - 124 µg/m3). Conclusion The new measuring platform provides a safer way for researchers to investigate PM emissions of cigarettes. These data are comparable to published research and show that smoking in a parked vehicle with the windows closed generates harmful PM emissions even when the vehicle ventilation is in operation. Future studies should be carried out using the new measuring platform investigating PM exposure and PM distribution of in-vehicle smoking under a wide range of conditions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T19:21:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-30dc71e224154505b023dd4fa9a1eb5a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1745-6673 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T19:21:48Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology |
| spelling | doaj.art-30dc71e224154505b023dd4fa9a1eb5a2022-12-22T01:36:27ZengBMCJournal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology1745-66732022-08-011711910.1186/s12995-022-00359-xTAPaC—tobacco-associated particulate matter emissions inside a car cabin: establishment of a new measuring platformLukas Pitten0Dörthe Brüggmann1Janis Dröge2Markus Braun3David A. Groneberg4Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University FrankfurtInstitute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University FrankfurtInstitute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University FrankfurtInstitute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University FrankfurtInstitute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University FrankfurtAbstract Background Particulate matter (PM) emission caused by tobacco combustion leads to severe health burdens worldwide. Second-hand smoke exposure is extraordinarily high in enclosed spaces (e.g., indoor rooms, car cabins) and poses a particular threat to the health of vulnerable individuals (e.g., children, elderly, etc.). This study aimed to establish a new measuring platform and investigate PM emissions under four different ventilation conditions inside a car cabin without exposing any person to harmful tobacco smoke. Methods PM concentrations were measured during the smoking of 3R4F reference cigarettes in a Mitsubishi Space Runner (interior volume 3.709 m3). The cigarettes were smoked with a machine, eliminating exposure of the researchers. Cigarettes were extinguished 4.5 min after ignition, and PM measurements continued until 10 min after ignition. Results High mean PM concentrations were measured for cigarettes without ventilation after 4.5 min (PM10: 1150 µg/m3, PM2.5: 1132 µg/m3, PM1: 861.6 µg/m3) and after 10 min (PM10: 1608 µg/m3, PM2.5: 1583 µg/m3, PM1: 1133 µg/m3). 3R4F smoked under conditions with turned on ventilation resulted in reduction of PM compared to those smoked without ventilation after 4.5 min (PM10:-47.5 to -58.4%, PM2.5:-47.2 to -58%, PM1:-39.6 to -50.2%) and after 10 min (PM10:-70.8 to -74.4%, PM2.5:-70.6 to -74.3%, PM1:-64.0 to -68.0%). Cigarettes smoked without ventilation generated high PM peaks at 4.5 min (PM10: 2207 µg/m3, PM2.5: 2166 µg/m3, PM1: 1421 µg/m3) and at 10 min (PM10: 1989 µg/m3, PM2.5: 1959 µg/m3, PM1: 1375 µg/m3). PM peaks of cigarettes smoked under different ventilation modes varied at 4.5 min (PM10: 630-845 µg/m3, PM2.5: 625-836 µg/m3, PM1: 543 - 693 µg/m3) and 10 min (PM10: 124 - 130 µg/m3, PM2.5: 124 - 129 µg/m3, PM1: 118 - 124 µg/m3). Conclusion The new measuring platform provides a safer way for researchers to investigate PM emissions of cigarettes. These data are comparable to published research and show that smoking in a parked vehicle with the windows closed generates harmful PM emissions even when the vehicle ventilation is in operation. Future studies should be carried out using the new measuring platform investigating PM exposure and PM distribution of in-vehicle smoking under a wide range of conditions.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-022-00359-xIndoor air pollutionIn-cabin PM concentrationSmoking in vehiclesPassive smokeEnvironmental tobacco smokeSecond-hand smoke |
| spellingShingle | Lukas Pitten Dörthe Brüggmann Janis Dröge Markus Braun David A. Groneberg TAPaC—tobacco-associated particulate matter emissions inside a car cabin: establishment of a new measuring platform Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology Indoor air pollution In-cabin PM concentration Smoking in vehicles Passive smoke Environmental tobacco smoke Second-hand smoke |
| title | TAPaC—tobacco-associated particulate matter emissions inside a car cabin: establishment of a new measuring platform |
| title_full | TAPaC—tobacco-associated particulate matter emissions inside a car cabin: establishment of a new measuring platform |
| title_fullStr | TAPaC—tobacco-associated particulate matter emissions inside a car cabin: establishment of a new measuring platform |
| title_full_unstemmed | TAPaC—tobacco-associated particulate matter emissions inside a car cabin: establishment of a new measuring platform |
| title_short | TAPaC—tobacco-associated particulate matter emissions inside a car cabin: establishment of a new measuring platform |
| title_sort | tapac tobacco associated particulate matter emissions inside a car cabin establishment of a new measuring platform |
| topic | Indoor air pollution In-cabin PM concentration Smoking in vehicles Passive smoke Environmental tobacco smoke Second-hand smoke |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-022-00359-x |
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