In-Line Detection of Bed Fluidity in Gas–Solid Fluidized Beds Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
A novel approach was developed to detect bed fluidity in gas–solid fluidized beds using diffuse reflectance near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Because the flow dynamics of gas and solid phases are closely associated with the fluidization state, the fluidization quality can be evaluated through hydrod...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/9/2246 |
| _version_ | 1797577941157150720 |
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| author | Hao Fu Kaixuan Teng Jie Zhao Sheng Zhang Haibin Qu |
| author_facet | Hao Fu Kaixuan Teng Jie Zhao Sheng Zhang Haibin Qu |
| author_sort | Hao Fu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A novel approach was developed to detect bed fluidity in gas–solid fluidized beds using diffuse reflectance near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Because the flow dynamics of gas and solid phases are closely associated with the fluidization state, the fluidization quality can be evaluated through hydrodynamic characterization. In this study, the baseline level of NIR spectra was used to quantify the voidage of the fluidized bed. Two indicators derived from the NIR baseline fluctuation profiles were investigated to characterize bed fluidity, named bubble proportion and skewness. To establish a robust fluidity evaluation method, the relationships between the indicators and bed fluidity were investigated under different conditions firstly, including static bed height and average particle size. Then, a generalized threshold was identified to distinguish poor and good bed fluidity, ensuring that the probability of the α- and β-errors was less than 15% regardless of material conditions. The results show that both indicators were sensitive to changes in bed fluidity under the investigated conditions. The indicator of skewness was qualified to detect bed fluidity under varied conditions with a robust threshold of 1.20. Furthermore, the developed NIR method was successfully applied to monitor bed fluidity and for early warning of defluidization in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed granulation process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:15:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-30f2f995063c43b4a452607614b3d9eb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:15:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-30f2f995063c43b4a452607614b3d9eb2023-11-19T12:27:02ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232023-08-01159224610.3390/pharmaceutics15092246In-Line Detection of Bed Fluidity in Gas–Solid Fluidized Beds Using Near-Infrared SpectroscopyHao Fu0Kaixuan Teng1Jie Zhao2Sheng Zhang3Haibin Qu4Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaPharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaPharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaPharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaPharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaA novel approach was developed to detect bed fluidity in gas–solid fluidized beds using diffuse reflectance near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Because the flow dynamics of gas and solid phases are closely associated with the fluidization state, the fluidization quality can be evaluated through hydrodynamic characterization. In this study, the baseline level of NIR spectra was used to quantify the voidage of the fluidized bed. Two indicators derived from the NIR baseline fluctuation profiles were investigated to characterize bed fluidity, named bubble proportion and skewness. To establish a robust fluidity evaluation method, the relationships between the indicators and bed fluidity were investigated under different conditions firstly, including static bed height and average particle size. Then, a generalized threshold was identified to distinguish poor and good bed fluidity, ensuring that the probability of the α- and β-errors was less than 15% regardless of material conditions. The results show that both indicators were sensitive to changes in bed fluidity under the investigated conditions. The indicator of skewness was qualified to detect bed fluidity under varied conditions with a robust threshold of 1.20. Furthermore, the developed NIR method was successfully applied to monitor bed fluidity and for early warning of defluidization in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed granulation process.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/9/2246gas–solid fluidized bednear-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopyvoidagedefluidizationfluidityin-line monitoring |
| spellingShingle | Hao Fu Kaixuan Teng Jie Zhao Sheng Zhang Haibin Qu In-Line Detection of Bed Fluidity in Gas–Solid Fluidized Beds Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Pharmaceutics gas–solid fluidized bed near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy voidage defluidization fluidity in-line monitoring |
| title | In-Line Detection of Bed Fluidity in Gas–Solid Fluidized Beds Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy |
| title_full | In-Line Detection of Bed Fluidity in Gas–Solid Fluidized Beds Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy |
| title_fullStr | In-Line Detection of Bed Fluidity in Gas–Solid Fluidized Beds Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy |
| title_full_unstemmed | In-Line Detection of Bed Fluidity in Gas–Solid Fluidized Beds Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy |
| title_short | In-Line Detection of Bed Fluidity in Gas–Solid Fluidized Beds Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy |
| title_sort | in line detection of bed fluidity in gas solid fluidized beds using near infrared spectroscopy |
| topic | gas–solid fluidized bed near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy voidage defluidization fluidity in-line monitoring |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/9/2246 |
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