The Anatomical Basis of Paradoxical Masseteric Bulging after Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injection
The aim of this study was to determine the detailed anatomical structures of the superficial part of the masseter and to elucidate the boundaries and locations of the deep tendon structure within the superficial part of the masseter. Forty-four hemifaces from Korean and Thai embalmed cadavers were u...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2016-12-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/9/1/14 |
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| author | Hyung-Jin Lee In-Won Kang Kyle K. Seo You-Jin Choi Seong-Taek Kim Kyung-Seok Hu Hee-Jin Kim |
| author_facet | Hyung-Jin Lee In-Won Kang Kyle K. Seo You-Jin Choi Seong-Taek Kim Kyung-Seok Hu Hee-Jin Kim |
| author_sort | Hyung-Jin Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to determine the detailed anatomical structures of the superficial part of the masseter and to elucidate the boundaries and locations of the deep tendon structure within the superficial part of the masseter. Forty-four hemifaces from Korean and Thai embalmed cadavers were used in this study. The deep tendon structure was located deep in the lower third of the superficial part of the masseter. It was observed in all specimens and was designated as a deep inferior tendon (DIT). The relationship between the masseter and DIT could be classified into three types according to the coverage pattern: Type A, in which areas IV and V were covered by the DIT (27%, 12/44); Type B, in which areas V and VI were covered by the DIT (23%, 10/44); and Type C, in which areas IV, V, and VI were covered by the DIT (50%, 22/44). The superficial part of the masseter consists of not only the muscle belly but also the deep tendon structure. Based on the results obtained in this morphological study, we recommend performing layer-by-layer retrograde injections into the superficial and deep muscle bellies of the masseter. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:02:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-30f6fc7458b34bc1bca24c1e5ef7d86e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T01:02:12Z |
| publishDate | 2016-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-30f6fc7458b34bc1bca24c1e5ef7d86e2022-12-22T02:21:22ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512016-12-01911410.3390/toxins9010014toxins9010014The Anatomical Basis of Paradoxical Masseteric Bulging after Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A InjectionHyung-Jin Lee0In-Won Kang1Kyle K. Seo2You-Jin Choi3Seong-Taek Kim4Kyung-Seok Hu5Hee-Jin Kim6Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, KoreaDivision in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, KoreaModelo Clinic, Seoul 06011, KoreaDivision in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, KoreaDepartment of Oral Medicine, TMJ and Orofacial Pain Clinic, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, KoreaDivision in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, KoreaDivision in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Human Identification Research Center, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, KoreaThe aim of this study was to determine the detailed anatomical structures of the superficial part of the masseter and to elucidate the boundaries and locations of the deep tendon structure within the superficial part of the masseter. Forty-four hemifaces from Korean and Thai embalmed cadavers were used in this study. The deep tendon structure was located deep in the lower third of the superficial part of the masseter. It was observed in all specimens and was designated as a deep inferior tendon (DIT). The relationship between the masseter and DIT could be classified into three types according to the coverage pattern: Type A, in which areas IV and V were covered by the DIT (27%, 12/44); Type B, in which areas V and VI were covered by the DIT (23%, 10/44); and Type C, in which areas IV, V, and VI were covered by the DIT (50%, 22/44). The superficial part of the masseter consists of not only the muscle belly but also the deep tendon structure. Based on the results obtained in this morphological study, we recommend performing layer-by-layer retrograde injections into the superficial and deep muscle bellies of the masseter.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/9/1/14superficial part of masseter muscleparadoxical masseteric bulgingbotulinum neurotoxin Type A injectionlower facial contour |
| spellingShingle | Hyung-Jin Lee In-Won Kang Kyle K. Seo You-Jin Choi Seong-Taek Kim Kyung-Seok Hu Hee-Jin Kim The Anatomical Basis of Paradoxical Masseteric Bulging after Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injection Toxins superficial part of masseter muscle paradoxical masseteric bulging botulinum neurotoxin Type A injection lower facial contour |
| title | The Anatomical Basis of Paradoxical Masseteric Bulging after Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injection |
| title_full | The Anatomical Basis of Paradoxical Masseteric Bulging after Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injection |
| title_fullStr | The Anatomical Basis of Paradoxical Masseteric Bulging after Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injection |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Anatomical Basis of Paradoxical Masseteric Bulging after Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injection |
| title_short | The Anatomical Basis of Paradoxical Masseteric Bulging after Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injection |
| title_sort | anatomical basis of paradoxical masseteric bulging after botulinum neurotoxin type a injection |
| topic | superficial part of masseter muscle paradoxical masseteric bulging botulinum neurotoxin Type A injection lower facial contour |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/9/1/14 |
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