Identification of Antibiotics in Surface-Groundwater. A Tool towards the Ecopharmacovigilance Approach: A Portuguese Case-Study
Environmental monitoring, particularly of water, is crucial to screen and preselect potential hazardous substances for policy guidance and risk minimisation strategies. In Portugal, extensive data are missing. This work aimed to perform a qualitative survey of antibiotics in surface- groundwater, re...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/8/888 |
| _version_ | 1827686133624995840 |
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| author | Paula Viana Leonor Meisel Ana Lopes Rosário de Jesus Georgina Sarmento Sofia Duarte Bruno Sepodes Ana Fernandes Margarida M. Correia dos Santos Anabela Almeida M. Conceição Oliveira |
| author_facet | Paula Viana Leonor Meisel Ana Lopes Rosário de Jesus Georgina Sarmento Sofia Duarte Bruno Sepodes Ana Fernandes Margarida M. Correia dos Santos Anabela Almeida M. Conceição Oliveira |
| author_sort | Paula Viana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Environmental monitoring, particularly of water, is crucial to screen and preselect potential hazardous substances for policy guidance and risk minimisation strategies. In Portugal, extensive data are missing. This work aimed to perform a qualitative survey of antibiotics in surface- groundwater, reflecting demographic, spatial, consumption and drug profiles during an observational period of three years. A passive sampling technique (POCIS) and high-resolution chromatographic system were used to monitor and analyse the antibiotics. The most frequently detected antibiotics were enrofloxacin/ciprofloxacin and tetracycline in surface-groundwater, while clarithromycin/erythromycin and sulfamethoxazole were identified only in surface water. The detection of enzyme inhibitors (e.g., tazobactam/cilastatin) used exclusively in hospitals and abacavir, a specific human medicine was also noteworthy. North (Guimarães, Santo Tirso and Porto) and South (Faro, Olhão and Portimão) Portugal were the regions with the most significant frequency of substances in surface water. The relatively higher detection downstream of the effluent discharge points compared with a low detection upstream could be attributed to a low efficiency in urban wastewater treatment plants and an increased agricultural pressure. This screening approach is essential to identify substances in order to perform future quantitative risk assessment and establishing water quality standards. The greatest challenge of this survey data is to promote an ecopharmacovigilance framework, implement measures to avoid misuse/overuse of antibiotics and slow down emission and antibiotic resistance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:04:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-30fb1585fffb4df0839ad4c43002e559 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:04:07Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-30fb1585fffb4df0839ad4c43002e5592023-11-22T06:32:49ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822021-07-0110888810.3390/antibiotics10080888Identification of Antibiotics in Surface-Groundwater. A Tool towards the Ecopharmacovigilance Approach: A Portuguese Case-StudyPaula Viana0Leonor Meisel1Ana Lopes2Rosário de Jesus3Georgina Sarmento4Sofia Duarte5Bruno Sepodes6Ana Fernandes7Margarida M. Correia dos Santos8Anabela Almeida9M. Conceição Oliveira10Agência Portuguesa do Ambiente (APA), Rua da Murgueira, 9, Zambujal, Alfragide, 2610-124 Amadora, PortugalAutoridade Nacional do Medicamento e Produtos de Saúde, I.P. (INFARMED), Avenida do Brasil, 53, 1749-004 Lisboa, PortugalAgência Portuguesa do Ambiente (APA), Rua da Murgueira, 9, Zambujal, Alfragide, 2610-124 Amadora, PortugalAgência Portuguesa do Ambiente (APA), Rua da Murgueira, 9, Zambujal, Alfragide, 2610-124 Amadora, PortugalLaboratório de Análises, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, PortugalCentro de Investigação Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Campus Universitário de Lordemão, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes 197, 3020-210 Coimbra, PortugalFaculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-004 Lisboa, PortugalLaboratório de Análises, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, PortugalLaboratório de Análises, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, PortugalCentro de Investigação Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama (EUVG), Campus Universitário de Lordemão, Av. José R. Sousa Fernandes 197, 3020-210 Coimbra, PortugalCentro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, PortugalEnvironmental monitoring, particularly of water, is crucial to screen and preselect potential hazardous substances for policy guidance and risk minimisation strategies. In Portugal, extensive data are missing. This work aimed to perform a qualitative survey of antibiotics in surface- groundwater, reflecting demographic, spatial, consumption and drug profiles during an observational period of three years. A passive sampling technique (POCIS) and high-resolution chromatographic system were used to monitor and analyse the antibiotics. The most frequently detected antibiotics were enrofloxacin/ciprofloxacin and tetracycline in surface-groundwater, while clarithromycin/erythromycin and sulfamethoxazole were identified only in surface water. The detection of enzyme inhibitors (e.g., tazobactam/cilastatin) used exclusively in hospitals and abacavir, a specific human medicine was also noteworthy. North (Guimarães, Santo Tirso and Porto) and South (Faro, Olhão and Portimão) Portugal were the regions with the most significant frequency of substances in surface water. The relatively higher detection downstream of the effluent discharge points compared with a low detection upstream could be attributed to a low efficiency in urban wastewater treatment plants and an increased agricultural pressure. This screening approach is essential to identify substances in order to perform future quantitative risk assessment and establishing water quality standards. The greatest challenge of this survey data is to promote an ecopharmacovigilance framework, implement measures to avoid misuse/overuse of antibiotics and slow down emission and antibiotic resistance.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/8/888antibioticssurface- groundwaterPOCISecopharmacovigilancecilastatintazobactam |
| spellingShingle | Paula Viana Leonor Meisel Ana Lopes Rosário de Jesus Georgina Sarmento Sofia Duarte Bruno Sepodes Ana Fernandes Margarida M. Correia dos Santos Anabela Almeida M. Conceição Oliveira Identification of Antibiotics in Surface-Groundwater. A Tool towards the Ecopharmacovigilance Approach: A Portuguese Case-Study Antibiotics antibiotics surface- groundwater POCIS ecopharmacovigilance cilastatin tazobactam |
| title | Identification of Antibiotics in Surface-Groundwater. A Tool towards the Ecopharmacovigilance Approach: A Portuguese Case-Study |
| title_full | Identification of Antibiotics in Surface-Groundwater. A Tool towards the Ecopharmacovigilance Approach: A Portuguese Case-Study |
| title_fullStr | Identification of Antibiotics in Surface-Groundwater. A Tool towards the Ecopharmacovigilance Approach: A Portuguese Case-Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification of Antibiotics in Surface-Groundwater. A Tool towards the Ecopharmacovigilance Approach: A Portuguese Case-Study |
| title_short | Identification of Antibiotics in Surface-Groundwater. A Tool towards the Ecopharmacovigilance Approach: A Portuguese Case-Study |
| title_sort | identification of antibiotics in surface groundwater a tool towards the ecopharmacovigilance approach a portuguese case study |
| topic | antibiotics surface- groundwater POCIS ecopharmacovigilance cilastatin tazobactam |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/8/888 |
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