Tongue Growth during Prenatal Development in Korean Fetuses and Embryos
Background: Prenatal tongue development may affect oral-craniofacial structures, but this muscular organ has rarely been investigated. Methods: In order to document the physiology of prenatal tongue growth, we histologically examined the facial and cranial base structures of 56 embryos and 106 fetus...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Korean Society of Pathologists & the Korean Society for Cytopathology
2015-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.jpatholtm.org/upload/pdf/jptm-2015-09-17.pdf |
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| author | Soo Jeong Hong Bong Geun Cha Yeon Sook Kim Suk Keun Lee Je Geun Chi |
| author_facet | Soo Jeong Hong Bong Geun Cha Yeon Sook Kim Suk Keun Lee Je Geun Chi |
| author_sort | Soo Jeong Hong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Prenatal tongue development may affect oral-craniofacial structures, but this muscular organ has rarely been investigated. Methods: In order to document the physiology of prenatal tongue growth, we histologically examined the facial and cranial base structures of 56 embryos and 106 fetuses. Results: In Streeter’s stages 13–14 (fertilization age [FA], 28 to 32 days), the tongue protruded into the stomodeal cavity from the retrohyoid space to the cartilaginous mesenchyme of the primitive cranial base, and in Streeter’s stage 15 (FA, 33 to 36 days), the tongue rapidly swelled and compressed the cranial base to initiate spheno-occipital synchondrosis and continued to swell laterally to occupy most of the stomodeal cavity in Streeter’s stage 16–17 (FA, 37 to 43 days). In Streeter’s stage 18–20 (FA, 44 to 51 days), the tongue was vertically positioned and filled the posterior nasopharyngeal space. As the growth of the mandible and maxilla advanced, the tongue was pulled down and protruded anteriorly to form the linguomandibular complex. Angulation between the anterior cranial base (ACB) and the posterior cranial base (PCB) was formed by the emerging tongue at FA 4 weeks and became constant at approximately 124°–126° from FA 6 weeks until birth, which was consistent with angulations measured on adult cephalograms. Conclusions: The early clockwise growth of the ACB to the maxillary plane became harmonious with the counter-clockwise growth of the PCB to the tongue axis during the early prenatal period. These observations suggest that human embryonic tongue growth affects ACB and PCB angulation, stimulates maxillary growth, and induces mandibular movement to achieve the essential functions of oral and maxillofacial structures. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T05:41:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-30fbf6b16f80407f97841377991eed85 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2383-7837 2383-7845 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T05:41:15Z |
| publishDate | 2015-11-01 |
| publisher | Korean Society of Pathologists & the Korean Society for Cytopathology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-30fbf6b16f80407f97841377991eed852022-12-21T17:58:11ZengKorean Society of Pathologists & the Korean Society for CytopathologyJournal of Pathology and Translational Medicine2383-78372383-78452015-11-0149649751010.4132/jptm.2015.09.1716561Tongue Growth during Prenatal Development in Korean Fetuses and EmbryosSoo Jeong HongBong Geun Cha0Yeon Sook Kim1Suk Keun LeeJe Geun Chi2 Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Gangnueng-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health Sciences, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Korea Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, KoreaBackground: Prenatal tongue development may affect oral-craniofacial structures, but this muscular organ has rarely been investigated. Methods: In order to document the physiology of prenatal tongue growth, we histologically examined the facial and cranial base structures of 56 embryos and 106 fetuses. Results: In Streeter’s stages 13–14 (fertilization age [FA], 28 to 32 days), the tongue protruded into the stomodeal cavity from the retrohyoid space to the cartilaginous mesenchyme of the primitive cranial base, and in Streeter’s stage 15 (FA, 33 to 36 days), the tongue rapidly swelled and compressed the cranial base to initiate spheno-occipital synchondrosis and continued to swell laterally to occupy most of the stomodeal cavity in Streeter’s stage 16–17 (FA, 37 to 43 days). In Streeter’s stage 18–20 (FA, 44 to 51 days), the tongue was vertically positioned and filled the posterior nasopharyngeal space. As the growth of the mandible and maxilla advanced, the tongue was pulled down and protruded anteriorly to form the linguomandibular complex. Angulation between the anterior cranial base (ACB) and the posterior cranial base (PCB) was formed by the emerging tongue at FA 4 weeks and became constant at approximately 124°–126° from FA 6 weeks until birth, which was consistent with angulations measured on adult cephalograms. Conclusions: The early clockwise growth of the ACB to the maxillary plane became harmonious with the counter-clockwise growth of the PCB to the tongue axis during the early prenatal period. These observations suggest that human embryonic tongue growth affects ACB and PCB angulation, stimulates maxillary growth, and induces mandibular movement to achieve the essential functions of oral and maxillofacial structures.http://www.jpatholtm.org/upload/pdf/jptm-2015-09-17.pdfTongueDevelopmentHuman embryos and fetuses |
| spellingShingle | Soo Jeong Hong Bong Geun Cha Yeon Sook Kim Suk Keun Lee Je Geun Chi Tongue Growth during Prenatal Development in Korean Fetuses and Embryos Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Tongue Development Human embryos and fetuses |
| title | Tongue Growth during Prenatal Development in Korean Fetuses and Embryos |
| title_full | Tongue Growth during Prenatal Development in Korean Fetuses and Embryos |
| title_fullStr | Tongue Growth during Prenatal Development in Korean Fetuses and Embryos |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tongue Growth during Prenatal Development in Korean Fetuses and Embryos |
| title_short | Tongue Growth during Prenatal Development in Korean Fetuses and Embryos |
| title_sort | tongue growth during prenatal development in korean fetuses and embryos |
| topic | Tongue Development Human embryos and fetuses |
| url | http://www.jpatholtm.org/upload/pdf/jptm-2015-09-17.pdf |
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