Association between Phenotypes of Antimicrobial Resistance, ESBL Resistance Genes, and Virulence Genes of <i>Salmonella</i> Isolated from Chickens in Sichuan, China
The aim of this study was to explore the association between antimicrobial resistance, ESBL genes, and virulence genes of <i>Salmonella</i> isolates. From 2019 to 2021, a total of 117 <i>Salmonella</i> isolates were obtained from symptomatic chickens in Sichuan Province, Chin...
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/17/2770 |
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| author | Gang Shu Jianyu Qiu Yilei Zheng Lijen Chang Haohuan Li Funeng Xu Wei Zhang Lizi Yin Hualin Fu Qigui Yan Ting Gan Juchun Lin |
| author_facet | Gang Shu Jianyu Qiu Yilei Zheng Lijen Chang Haohuan Li Funeng Xu Wei Zhang Lizi Yin Hualin Fu Qigui Yan Ting Gan Juchun Lin |
| author_sort | Gang Shu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to explore the association between antimicrobial resistance, ESBL genes, and virulence genes of <i>Salmonella</i> isolates. From 2019 to 2021, a total of 117 <i>Salmonella</i> isolates were obtained from symptomatic chickens in Sichuan Province, China. The strains were tested for antimicrobial resistance and the presence of ESBL according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) instructions. The presence of ESBL genes and genes for virulence was determined using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). In addition, Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) was applied to confirm the molecular genotyping. Moreover, the mechanism of ESBL and virulence gene transfer and the relationships between the resistance phenotype, ESBL genes, and virulence genes were explored. The isolates exhibited different frequencies of resistance to antibiotics (resistance rates ranged from 21.37% to 97.44%), whereas 68.38% and 41.03% of isolates were multi-drug resistance (MDR) and ESBL-producers, respectively. In the PCR analysis, <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M</sub> was the most prevalent ESBL genotype (73.42%, 58/79), and <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M-55</sub> showed the most significant effect on the resistance to cephalosporins as tested by logistic regression analysis. Isolates showed a high carriage rate of <i>invA</i>, <i>avrA</i>, <i>sopB</i>, <i>sopE</i>, <i>ssaQ</i>, <i>spvR</i>, <i>spvB</i>, <i>spvC</i>, <i>stn</i>, and <i>bcfC</i> (ranged from 51.28% to 100%). MLST analysis revealed that the 117 isolates were divided into 11 types, mainly ST92, ST11, and ST3717. Of 48 ESBL-producers, 21 transconjugants were successfully obtained by conjugation. Furthermore, ESBL and <i>spv</i> virulence genes were obtained simultaneously in 15 transconjugants. These results highlighted that <i>Salmonella</i> isolates were common carriers of ESBLs and multiple virulence genes. Horizontal transfer played a key role in disseminating antimicrobial resistance and pathogenesis. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously monitor the use of antimicrobials and the prevalence of AMR and virulence in <i>Salmonella</i> from food animals and to improve the antibiotic stewardship for salmonellosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:28:28Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:28:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-3101fe6f62c94845a2473de22b6b71432023-11-19T07:47:09ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-08-011317277010.3390/ani13172770Association between Phenotypes of Antimicrobial Resistance, ESBL Resistance Genes, and Virulence Genes of <i>Salmonella</i> Isolated from Chickens in Sichuan, ChinaGang Shu0Jianyu Qiu1Yilei Zheng2Lijen Chang3Haohuan Li4Funeng Xu5Wei Zhang6Lizi Yin7Hualin Fu8Qigui Yan9Ting Gan10Juchun Lin11Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaDepartment of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaCenter for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaDepartment of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USADepartment of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaDepartment of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaDepartment of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaDepartment of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaDepartment of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaDepartment of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaDepartment of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaDepartment of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, ChinaThe aim of this study was to explore the association between antimicrobial resistance, ESBL genes, and virulence genes of <i>Salmonella</i> isolates. From 2019 to 2021, a total of 117 <i>Salmonella</i> isolates were obtained from symptomatic chickens in Sichuan Province, China. The strains were tested for antimicrobial resistance and the presence of ESBL according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) instructions. The presence of ESBL genes and genes for virulence was determined using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). In addition, Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) was applied to confirm the molecular genotyping. Moreover, the mechanism of ESBL and virulence gene transfer and the relationships between the resistance phenotype, ESBL genes, and virulence genes were explored. The isolates exhibited different frequencies of resistance to antibiotics (resistance rates ranged from 21.37% to 97.44%), whereas 68.38% and 41.03% of isolates were multi-drug resistance (MDR) and ESBL-producers, respectively. In the PCR analysis, <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M</sub> was the most prevalent ESBL genotype (73.42%, 58/79), and <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M-55</sub> showed the most significant effect on the resistance to cephalosporins as tested by logistic regression analysis. Isolates showed a high carriage rate of <i>invA</i>, <i>avrA</i>, <i>sopB</i>, <i>sopE</i>, <i>ssaQ</i>, <i>spvR</i>, <i>spvB</i>, <i>spvC</i>, <i>stn</i>, and <i>bcfC</i> (ranged from 51.28% to 100%). MLST analysis revealed that the 117 isolates were divided into 11 types, mainly ST92, ST11, and ST3717. Of 48 ESBL-producers, 21 transconjugants were successfully obtained by conjugation. Furthermore, ESBL and <i>spv</i> virulence genes were obtained simultaneously in 15 transconjugants. These results highlighted that <i>Salmonella</i> isolates were common carriers of ESBLs and multiple virulence genes. Horizontal transfer played a key role in disseminating antimicrobial resistance and pathogenesis. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously monitor the use of antimicrobials and the prevalence of AMR and virulence in <i>Salmonella</i> from food animals and to improve the antibiotic stewardship for salmonellosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/17/2770<i>Salmonella</i>antimicrobial resistanceESBL genesvirulence genesMLSTchicken |
| spellingShingle | Gang Shu Jianyu Qiu Yilei Zheng Lijen Chang Haohuan Li Funeng Xu Wei Zhang Lizi Yin Hualin Fu Qigui Yan Ting Gan Juchun Lin Association between Phenotypes of Antimicrobial Resistance, ESBL Resistance Genes, and Virulence Genes of <i>Salmonella</i> Isolated from Chickens in Sichuan, China Animals <i>Salmonella</i> antimicrobial resistance ESBL genes virulence genes MLST chicken |
| title | Association between Phenotypes of Antimicrobial Resistance, ESBL Resistance Genes, and Virulence Genes of <i>Salmonella</i> Isolated from Chickens in Sichuan, China |
| title_full | Association between Phenotypes of Antimicrobial Resistance, ESBL Resistance Genes, and Virulence Genes of <i>Salmonella</i> Isolated from Chickens in Sichuan, China |
| title_fullStr | Association between Phenotypes of Antimicrobial Resistance, ESBL Resistance Genes, and Virulence Genes of <i>Salmonella</i> Isolated from Chickens in Sichuan, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between Phenotypes of Antimicrobial Resistance, ESBL Resistance Genes, and Virulence Genes of <i>Salmonella</i> Isolated from Chickens in Sichuan, China |
| title_short | Association between Phenotypes of Antimicrobial Resistance, ESBL Resistance Genes, and Virulence Genes of <i>Salmonella</i> Isolated from Chickens in Sichuan, China |
| title_sort | association between phenotypes of antimicrobial resistance esbl resistance genes and virulence genes of i salmonella i isolated from chickens in sichuan china |
| topic | <i>Salmonella</i> antimicrobial resistance ESBL genes virulence genes MLST chicken |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/17/2770 |
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