A comparative in-vitro study on antimicrobial efficacy of on-market alcohol-based hand washing sanitizers towards combating microbes and its application in combating Covid-19 global outbreak
Abstracts: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has created endless social, economic, and political fear in the global human population. Measures employed include frequent washing hands and using alcohol-based hand sanitisers and hand rubs as instant hand hygiene products. Due to the nee...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022029772 |
| _version_ | 1811320565268480000 |
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| author | Said Ali Hamad Vuai Mtabazi Geofrey Sahini Khalfani Salim Sule Asha Shabani Ripanda Hossein Miraji Mwanga |
| author_facet | Said Ali Hamad Vuai Mtabazi Geofrey Sahini Khalfani Salim Sule Asha Shabani Ripanda Hossein Miraji Mwanga |
| author_sort | Said Ali Hamad Vuai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstracts: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has created endless social, economic, and political fear in the global human population. Measures employed include frequent washing hands and using alcohol-based hand sanitisers and hand rubs as instant hand hygiene products. Due to the need to mitigate the pandermic, there is an increase in the local production of alcohol-based hand sanitisers, whose quality and efficacy against germs and the virus are questionable. Therefore, the current study investigated the in-vitro antimicrobial efficacy of on-market alcohol-based handwashing sanitizers used to mitigate the Covid-19 global outbreak toward combating enveloped bacteria such as E. Coli, P. aeroginosa, S. aureus, and a fungus C. albicans. The antimicrobial effectiveness of alcohol-based hand sanitizer was performed by the agar well diffusion method, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) model was used for statistical analysis. Results indicate that alcohol hand-based sanitizers were more effective in inhibiting P. aeroginosa, with a mean zone of inhibition of 12.47 mm, followed by E. coli, a gram-negative bacterium with a mean zone of inhibition of 12.13 mm than both S. aureus and C. albicans as gram-positive bacteria, and fungi respectively had the same inhibition average of 11.40 mm. The overall mean diameter of inhibition was statistically significantly different among the fifteen tested products. Only one brand of alcohol-based hand sanitizers was the most effective in inhibiting microbes. Less effective sanitizers may impair Covid 19 mitigation efforts and put the population at risk instead of protecting it. Indicating the need for all materials used to mitigate Covid 19 pandermic, including alcohol-based hand sanitizers, to be evaluated and monitored to ensure public health safety. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T13:01:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-31057fb8c7ae4a3aa3ff84555127eecf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T13:01:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-31057fb8c7ae4a3aa3ff84555127eecf2022-12-22T02:45:54ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402022-11-01811e11689A comparative in-vitro study on antimicrobial efficacy of on-market alcohol-based hand washing sanitizers towards combating microbes and its application in combating Covid-19 global outbreakSaid Ali Hamad Vuai0Mtabazi Geofrey Sahini1Khalfani Salim Sule2Asha Shabani Ripanda3Hossein Miraji Mwanga4Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, P O Box 338, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, TanzaniaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, P O Box 338, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, TanzaniaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, P O Box 338, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, TanzaniaCorresponding author.; Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, P O Box 338, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, TanzaniaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Natural and Mathematical Sciences, P O Box 338, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, TanzaniaAbstracts: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has created endless social, economic, and political fear in the global human population. Measures employed include frequent washing hands and using alcohol-based hand sanitisers and hand rubs as instant hand hygiene products. Due to the need to mitigate the pandermic, there is an increase in the local production of alcohol-based hand sanitisers, whose quality and efficacy against germs and the virus are questionable. Therefore, the current study investigated the in-vitro antimicrobial efficacy of on-market alcohol-based handwashing sanitizers used to mitigate the Covid-19 global outbreak toward combating enveloped bacteria such as E. Coli, P. aeroginosa, S. aureus, and a fungus C. albicans. The antimicrobial effectiveness of alcohol-based hand sanitizer was performed by the agar well diffusion method, and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) model was used for statistical analysis. Results indicate that alcohol hand-based sanitizers were more effective in inhibiting P. aeroginosa, with a mean zone of inhibition of 12.47 mm, followed by E. coli, a gram-negative bacterium with a mean zone of inhibition of 12.13 mm than both S. aureus and C. albicans as gram-positive bacteria, and fungi respectively had the same inhibition average of 11.40 mm. The overall mean diameter of inhibition was statistically significantly different among the fifteen tested products. Only one brand of alcohol-based hand sanitizers was the most effective in inhibiting microbes. Less effective sanitizers may impair Covid 19 mitigation efforts and put the population at risk instead of protecting it. Indicating the need for all materials used to mitigate Covid 19 pandermic, including alcohol-based hand sanitizers, to be evaluated and monitored to ensure public health safety.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022029772AntimicrobialAlcohol-based hand washing sanitizersCovid-19Mitigation strategiesPublic health safety |
| spellingShingle | Said Ali Hamad Vuai Mtabazi Geofrey Sahini Khalfani Salim Sule Asha Shabani Ripanda Hossein Miraji Mwanga A comparative in-vitro study on antimicrobial efficacy of on-market alcohol-based hand washing sanitizers towards combating microbes and its application in combating Covid-19 global outbreak Heliyon Antimicrobial Alcohol-based hand washing sanitizers Covid-19 Mitigation strategies Public health safety |
| title | A comparative in-vitro study on antimicrobial efficacy of on-market alcohol-based hand washing sanitizers towards combating microbes and its application in combating Covid-19 global outbreak |
| title_full | A comparative in-vitro study on antimicrobial efficacy of on-market alcohol-based hand washing sanitizers towards combating microbes and its application in combating Covid-19 global outbreak |
| title_fullStr | A comparative in-vitro study on antimicrobial efficacy of on-market alcohol-based hand washing sanitizers towards combating microbes and its application in combating Covid-19 global outbreak |
| title_full_unstemmed | A comparative in-vitro study on antimicrobial efficacy of on-market alcohol-based hand washing sanitizers towards combating microbes and its application in combating Covid-19 global outbreak |
| title_short | A comparative in-vitro study on antimicrobial efficacy of on-market alcohol-based hand washing sanitizers towards combating microbes and its application in combating Covid-19 global outbreak |
| title_sort | comparative in vitro study on antimicrobial efficacy of on market alcohol based hand washing sanitizers towards combating microbes and its application in combating covid 19 global outbreak |
| topic | Antimicrobial Alcohol-based hand washing sanitizers Covid-19 Mitigation strategies Public health safety |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022029772 |
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