Biak and Wakatobi reefs are the two hottest hotspots of coral reef fish diversity and abundance in the Indonesian Archipelago
The Indonesian Archipelago has a very complex geological history, along with equatorial warm sea temperature, resulting in diverse types of coral reefs and high diversity of coral reef fish. Many livelihoods of the coastal community are dependent on coral reef fisheries. The present study aimed to d...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.e-fas.org/archive/view_article?doi=10.47853/FAS.2022.e49 |
| _version_ | 1811187514051919872 |
|---|---|
| author | Imam Bachtiar Edwin Jefri Muhammad Abrar Tri Aryono Hadi |
| author_facet | Imam Bachtiar Edwin Jefri Muhammad Abrar Tri Aryono Hadi |
| author_sort | Imam Bachtiar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Indonesian Archipelago has a very complex geological history, along with equatorial warm sea temperature, resulting in diverse types of coral reefs and high diversity of coral reef fish. Many livelihoods of the coastal community are dependent on coral reef fisheries. The present study aimed to determine which region and location in the Indonesian Archipelago has the most diverse and abundant coral reef fish. The archipelago was divided into four regions: the Indian Ocean, Sunda Shelf, Wallacea, and the Pacific Ocean. Data were obtained from a national coral reef monitoring program of the Indonesian Research Center for Oceanography (RCO)-the National Board for Research and Innovation (BRIN). The reef fish data were collected using the underwater visual census method, from 321 belt transects on 24 locations (districts) across the archipelago. The results show that coral reef fish diversity of the Pacific region was the highest across the archipelago for all three trophic levels, i.e., corallivore, herbivore, and carnivore fish. The Pacific Ocean region also had the highest fish abundance for the three trophic levels. Comparison among locations revealed that the best ten locations in reef fish diversity and abundance were Sabang, Mentawai, Makassar, Selayar, Buton, Luwuk, Ternate, Raja Ampat, Biak, and Wakatobi. Wakatobi reefs showed their supremacy in carnivore fish diversity and abundance, while Biak reefs were the best in herbivore fish. The abundance of corallivore fish was also considerably high in Sabang reefs, but it is still lower than in Raja Ampat, Biak, and Wakatobi reefs. These results provide empirical evidence that the coral reefs of Wakatobi and Biak are the hottest hotspots of coral reef fish diversity and abundance in the Indonesian Archipelago. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:04:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-310f9bb286234f40a7f5decdd95cf000 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2234-1757 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:04:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | The Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic Science |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-310f9bb286234f40a7f5decdd95cf0002022-12-22T04:19:57ZengThe Korean Society of Fisheries and Aquatic ScienceFisheries and Aquatic Sciences2234-17572022-11-01251154955810.47853/FAS.2022.e49Biak and Wakatobi reefs are the two hottest hotspots of coral reef fish diversity and abundance in the Indonesian ArchipelagoImam Bachtiar0Edwin Jefri1Muhammad Abrar2Tri Aryono Hadi3Department of Mathematics and Science Education, FKIP, University of Mataram, Mataram 83125, IndonesiaDepartment of Marine Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram, Mataram 83125, IndonesiaResearch Center for Oceanography, National Board for Research and Innovation, Jakarta 14430, IndonesiaResearch Center for Oceanography, National Board for Research and Innovation, Jakarta 14430, IndonesiaThe Indonesian Archipelago has a very complex geological history, along with equatorial warm sea temperature, resulting in diverse types of coral reefs and high diversity of coral reef fish. Many livelihoods of the coastal community are dependent on coral reef fisheries. The present study aimed to determine which region and location in the Indonesian Archipelago has the most diverse and abundant coral reef fish. The archipelago was divided into four regions: the Indian Ocean, Sunda Shelf, Wallacea, and the Pacific Ocean. Data were obtained from a national coral reef monitoring program of the Indonesian Research Center for Oceanography (RCO)-the National Board for Research and Innovation (BRIN). The reef fish data were collected using the underwater visual census method, from 321 belt transects on 24 locations (districts) across the archipelago. The results show that coral reef fish diversity of the Pacific region was the highest across the archipelago for all three trophic levels, i.e., corallivore, herbivore, and carnivore fish. The Pacific Ocean region also had the highest fish abundance for the three trophic levels. Comparison among locations revealed that the best ten locations in reef fish diversity and abundance were Sabang, Mentawai, Makassar, Selayar, Buton, Luwuk, Ternate, Raja Ampat, Biak, and Wakatobi. Wakatobi reefs showed their supremacy in carnivore fish diversity and abundance, while Biak reefs were the best in herbivore fish. The abundance of corallivore fish was also considerably high in Sabang reefs, but it is still lower than in Raja Ampat, Biak, and Wakatobi reefs. These results provide empirical evidence that the coral reefs of Wakatobi and Biak are the hottest hotspots of coral reef fish diversity and abundance in the Indonesian Archipelago. http://www.e-fas.org/archive/view_article?doi=10.47853/FAS.2022.e49FisheriesEpicenterBiodiversityWakatobiBiak |
| spellingShingle | Imam Bachtiar Edwin Jefri Muhammad Abrar Tri Aryono Hadi Biak and Wakatobi reefs are the two hottest hotspots of coral reef fish diversity and abundance in the Indonesian Archipelago Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Fisheries Epicenter Biodiversity Wakatobi Biak |
| title | Biak and Wakatobi reefs are the two hottest hotspots of coral reef fish diversity and abundance in the Indonesian Archipelago |
| title_full | Biak and Wakatobi reefs are the two hottest hotspots of coral reef fish diversity and abundance in the Indonesian Archipelago |
| title_fullStr | Biak and Wakatobi reefs are the two hottest hotspots of coral reef fish diversity and abundance in the Indonesian Archipelago |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biak and Wakatobi reefs are the two hottest hotspots of coral reef fish diversity and abundance in the Indonesian Archipelago |
| title_short | Biak and Wakatobi reefs are the two hottest hotspots of coral reef fish diversity and abundance in the Indonesian Archipelago |
| title_sort | biak and wakatobi reefs are the two hottest hotspots of coral reef fish diversity and abundance in the indonesian archipelago |
| topic | Fisheries Epicenter Biodiversity Wakatobi Biak |
| url | http://www.e-fas.org/archive/view_article?doi=10.47853/FAS.2022.e49 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT imambachtiar biakandwakatobireefsarethetwohottesthotspotsofcoralreeffishdiversityandabundanceintheindonesianarchipelago AT edwinjefri biakandwakatobireefsarethetwohottesthotspotsofcoralreeffishdiversityandabundanceintheindonesianarchipelago AT muhammadabrar biakandwakatobireefsarethetwohottesthotspotsofcoralreeffishdiversityandabundanceintheindonesianarchipelago AT triaryonohadi biakandwakatobireefsarethetwohottesthotspotsofcoralreeffishdiversityandabundanceintheindonesianarchipelago |