In Vitro Characterization of In Situ Alloyed Ti6Al4V(ELI)-3 at.% Cu Obtained by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
The intensive cytotoxicity of pure copper is effectively kills bacteria, but it can compromise cellular behavior, so a rational balance must be found for Cu-loaded implants. In the present study, the individual and combined effect of surface composition and roughness on osteoblast cell behavior of i...
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/23/7260 |
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| author | Anna Martín Vilardell Pavel Krakhmalev Ina Yadroitsava Igor Yadroitsev Natalia Garcia-Giralt |
| author_facet | Anna Martín Vilardell Pavel Krakhmalev Ina Yadroitsava Igor Yadroitsev Natalia Garcia-Giralt |
| author_sort | Anna Martín Vilardell |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The intensive cytotoxicity of pure copper is effectively kills bacteria, but it can compromise cellular behavior, so a rational balance must be found for Cu-loaded implants. In the present study, the individual and combined effect of surface composition and roughness on osteoblast cell behavior of in situ alloyed Ti6Al4V(ELI)-3 at.% Cu obtained by laser powder bed fusion was studied. Surface composition was studied using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Surface roughness measurements were carried out using confocal microscopy. In vitro osteoblast performance was evaluated by means of cell morphology observation of cell viability, proliferation, and mineralization. In vitro studies were performed at 1, 7, and 14 days of cell culture, except for cell mineralization at 28 days, on grounded and as-built (rough) samples with and without 3 at.% Cu. The addition of 3 at.% Cu did not show cell cytotoxicity but inhibited cell proliferation. Cell mineralization tends to be higher for samples with 3 at.% Cu content. Surface roughness inhibited cell proliferation too, but showed enhanced cell mineralization capacity and therefore, higher osteoblast performance, especially when as-built samples contained 3 at.% Cu. Cell proliferation was only observed on ground samples without Cu but showed the lowest cell mineralization. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:49:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-31395f2091a54c85b709589701a71240 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:49:07Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-31395f2091a54c85b709589701a712402023-11-23T02:40:45ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-11-011423726010.3390/ma14237260In Vitro Characterization of In Situ Alloyed Ti6Al4V(ELI)-3 at.% Cu Obtained by Laser Powder Bed FusionAnna Martín Vilardell0Pavel Krakhmalev1Ina Yadroitsava2Igor Yadroitsev3Natalia Garcia-Giralt4Department of Engineering and Physics, Karlstad University, 651 88 Karlstad, SwedenDepartment of Engineering and Physics, Karlstad University, 651 88 Karlstad, SwedenDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, Free State, South AfricaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, Central University of Technology, Bloemfontein 9300, Free State, South AfricaIMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques), CIBERFES, ISCIII, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, SpainThe intensive cytotoxicity of pure copper is effectively kills bacteria, but it can compromise cellular behavior, so a rational balance must be found for Cu-loaded implants. In the present study, the individual and combined effect of surface composition and roughness on osteoblast cell behavior of in situ alloyed Ti6Al4V(ELI)-3 at.% Cu obtained by laser powder bed fusion was studied. Surface composition was studied using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Surface roughness measurements were carried out using confocal microscopy. In vitro osteoblast performance was evaluated by means of cell morphology observation of cell viability, proliferation, and mineralization. In vitro studies were performed at 1, 7, and 14 days of cell culture, except for cell mineralization at 28 days, on grounded and as-built (rough) samples with and without 3 at.% Cu. The addition of 3 at.% Cu did not show cell cytotoxicity but inhibited cell proliferation. Cell mineralization tends to be higher for samples with 3 at.% Cu content. Surface roughness inhibited cell proliferation too, but showed enhanced cell mineralization capacity and therefore, higher osteoblast performance, especially when as-built samples contained 3 at.% Cu. Cell proliferation was only observed on ground samples without Cu but showed the lowest cell mineralization.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/23/7260laser powder bed fusionTi–Cu alloysin-vitro testssurface roughnessimplants |
| spellingShingle | Anna Martín Vilardell Pavel Krakhmalev Ina Yadroitsava Igor Yadroitsev Natalia Garcia-Giralt In Vitro Characterization of In Situ Alloyed Ti6Al4V(ELI)-3 at.% Cu Obtained by Laser Powder Bed Fusion Materials laser powder bed fusion Ti–Cu alloys in-vitro tests surface roughness implants |
| title | In Vitro Characterization of In Situ Alloyed Ti6Al4V(ELI)-3 at.% Cu Obtained by Laser Powder Bed Fusion |
| title_full | In Vitro Characterization of In Situ Alloyed Ti6Al4V(ELI)-3 at.% Cu Obtained by Laser Powder Bed Fusion |
| title_fullStr | In Vitro Characterization of In Situ Alloyed Ti6Al4V(ELI)-3 at.% Cu Obtained by Laser Powder Bed Fusion |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Vitro Characterization of In Situ Alloyed Ti6Al4V(ELI)-3 at.% Cu Obtained by Laser Powder Bed Fusion |
| title_short | In Vitro Characterization of In Situ Alloyed Ti6Al4V(ELI)-3 at.% Cu Obtained by Laser Powder Bed Fusion |
| title_sort | in vitro characterization of in situ alloyed ti6al4v eli 3 at cu obtained by laser powder bed fusion |
| topic | laser powder bed fusion Ti–Cu alloys in-vitro tests surface roughness implants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/23/7260 |
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