Ghrelin Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Cell Death by Attenuating Microglial Activation
BackgroundRecently, we reported the antiapoptotic effect of ghrelin in spinal cord injury-induced apoptotic cell death of oligodendrocytes. However, how ghrelin inhibits oligodendrocytes apoptosis, is still unknown. Therefore, in the present study, we examined whether ghrelin inhibits microglia acti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Korean Endocrine Society
2014-09-01
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| Series: | Endocrinology and Metabolism |
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| Online Access: | http://e-enm.org/Synapse/Data/PDFData/2008ENM/enm-29-371.pdf |
| _version_ | 1811330013812752384 |
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| author | Jee Youn Lee Tae Young Yune |
| author_facet | Jee Youn Lee Tae Young Yune |
| author_sort | Jee Youn Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundRecently, we reported the antiapoptotic effect of ghrelin in spinal cord injury-induced apoptotic cell death of oligodendrocytes. However, how ghrelin inhibits oligodendrocytes apoptosis, is still unknown. Therefore, in the present study, we examined whether ghrelin inhibits microglia activation and thereby inhibits oligodendrocyte apoptosis.MethodsUsing total cell extracts prepared from BV-2 cells activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with or without ghrelin, the levels of p-p38 phosphor-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK), phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (pJNK), p-c-Jun, and pro-nerve growth factor (proNGF) were examined by Western blot analysis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was investigated by using dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. To examine the effect of ghrelin on oligodendrocyte cell death, oligodendrocytes were cocultured in transwell chambers of 24-well plates with LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. After 48 hours incubation, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase 2'-deoxyuridine, 5'-triphosphate nick end labeling staining were assessed.ResultsGhrelin treatment significantly decreased levels of p-p38MAPK, p-JNK, p-c-Jun, and proNGF in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. ROS production increased in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells was also significantly inhibited by ghrelin treatment. In addition, ghrelin significantly inhibited oligodendrocyte cell death when cocultured with LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells.ConclusionGhrelin inhibits oligodendrocyte cell death by decreasing proNGF and ROS production as well as p38MAPK and JNK activation in activated microglia as an anti-inflammatory hormone. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T15:53:54Z |
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| id | doaj.art-313dfb310dc144c3adc0bede3fa94a32 |
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| issn | 2093-596X 2093-5978 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T15:53:54Z |
| publishDate | 2014-09-01 |
| publisher | Korean Endocrine Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Endocrinology and Metabolism |
| spelling | doaj.art-313dfb310dc144c3adc0bede3fa94a322022-12-22T02:40:45ZengKorean Endocrine SocietyEndocrinology and Metabolism2093-596X2093-59782014-09-0129337137810.3803/EnM.2014.29.3.37121194Ghrelin Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Cell Death by Attenuating Microglial ActivationJee Youn LeeTae Young YuneBackgroundRecently, we reported the antiapoptotic effect of ghrelin in spinal cord injury-induced apoptotic cell death of oligodendrocytes. However, how ghrelin inhibits oligodendrocytes apoptosis, is still unknown. Therefore, in the present study, we examined whether ghrelin inhibits microglia activation and thereby inhibits oligodendrocyte apoptosis.MethodsUsing total cell extracts prepared from BV-2 cells activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with or without ghrelin, the levels of p-p38 phosphor-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK), phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (pJNK), p-c-Jun, and pro-nerve growth factor (proNGF) were examined by Western blot analysis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was investigated by using dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. To examine the effect of ghrelin on oligodendrocyte cell death, oligodendrocytes were cocultured in transwell chambers of 24-well plates with LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. After 48 hours incubation, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase 2'-deoxyuridine, 5'-triphosphate nick end labeling staining were assessed.ResultsGhrelin treatment significantly decreased levels of p-p38MAPK, p-JNK, p-c-Jun, and proNGF in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells. ROS production increased in LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells was also significantly inhibited by ghrelin treatment. In addition, ghrelin significantly inhibited oligodendrocyte cell death when cocultured with LPS-stimulated BV-2 cells.ConclusionGhrelin inhibits oligodendrocyte cell death by decreasing proNGF and ROS production as well as p38MAPK and JNK activation in activated microglia as an anti-inflammatory hormone.http://e-enm.org/Synapse/Data/PDFData/2008ENM/enm-29-371.pdfGhrelinp38MAPKc-Jun N-terminal kinasePro-nerve growth factorReactive oxygen speciesOligodendrogliaBV-2 microglia cell |
| spellingShingle | Jee Youn Lee Tae Young Yune Ghrelin Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Cell Death by Attenuating Microglial Activation Endocrinology and Metabolism Ghrelin p38MAPK c-Jun N-terminal kinase Pro-nerve growth factor Reactive oxygen species Oligodendroglia BV-2 microglia cell |
| title | Ghrelin Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Cell Death by Attenuating Microglial Activation |
| title_full | Ghrelin Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Cell Death by Attenuating Microglial Activation |
| title_fullStr | Ghrelin Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Cell Death by Attenuating Microglial Activation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ghrelin Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Cell Death by Attenuating Microglial Activation |
| title_short | Ghrelin Inhibits Oligodendrocyte Cell Death by Attenuating Microglial Activation |
| title_sort | ghrelin inhibits oligodendrocyte cell death by attenuating microglial activation |
| topic | Ghrelin p38MAPK c-Jun N-terminal kinase Pro-nerve growth factor Reactive oxygen species Oligodendroglia BV-2 microglia cell |
| url | http://e-enm.org/Synapse/Data/PDFData/2008ENM/enm-29-371.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jeeyounlee ghrelininhibitsoligodendrocytecelldeathbyattenuatingmicroglialactivation AT taeyoungyune ghrelininhibitsoligodendrocytecelldeathbyattenuatingmicroglialactivation |