Effects and Mechanisms of Exercise on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Levels and Clinical Outcomes in People with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Introduction: Exercise therapy may increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and improve clinical outcomes in people living with Parkinson’s disease (PD). This systematic review was performed to investigate the effect of exercise therapy on BDNF levels and clinical outcomes in human P...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/14/3/194 |
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| author | Daan G. M. Kaagman Erwin E. H. van Wegen Natalie Cignetti Emily Rothermel Tim Vanbellingen Mark A. Hirsch |
| author_facet | Daan G. M. Kaagman Erwin E. H. van Wegen Natalie Cignetti Emily Rothermel Tim Vanbellingen Mark A. Hirsch |
| author_sort | Daan G. M. Kaagman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Exercise therapy may increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and improve clinical outcomes in people living with Parkinson’s disease (PD). This systematic review was performed to investigate the effect of exercise therapy on BDNF levels and clinical outcomes in human PD and to discuss mechanisms proposed by authors. Method: A search on the literature was performed on PubMed up to December 2023 using the following key words: Parkinson’s disease AND exercise, exercise therapy, neurological rehabilitation AND brain-derived neurotrophic factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor/blood, brain-derived neurotrophic factor/cerebrospinal fluid AND randomized clinical trial, intervention study. Only randomized clinical trials comparing an exercise intervention to treatment as usual, usual care (UC), sham intervention, or no intervention were included. Results: A meta-analysis of BDNF outcomes with pooled data from five trials (N = 216 participants) resulted in a significant standardized mean difference (SMD) of 1.20 [95% CI 0.53 to 1.87; Z = 3.52, <i>p</i> = 0.0004, I<sup>2</sup> = 77%], favoring exercise using motorized treadmill, Speedflex machine, rowing machine, and non-specified exercise. Significant improvements were found in Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), UPDRS-III, 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Methodological quality of trials was categorized as “good” in three trials, “fair” in one trial, and “poor” in one trial. Conclusion: Key results of this systematic review are that exercise therapy is effective in raising serum BDNF levels and seems effective in alleviating PD motor symptoms. Exercise therapy confers neuroplastic effects on Parkinson brain, mediated, in part, by BDNF. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:28:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3146e615a3cb4d02942f75977b4be280 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:28:51Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-3146e615a3cb4d02942f75977b4be2802024-03-27T13:28:37ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252024-02-0114319410.3390/brainsci14030194Effects and Mechanisms of Exercise on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Levels and Clinical Outcomes in People with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisDaan G. M. Kaagman0Erwin E. H. van Wegen1Natalie Cignetti2Emily Rothermel3Tim Vanbellingen4Mark A. Hirsch5Faculty of Behavioral and Human Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Rehabilitation Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The NetherlandsDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Health Carolinas Rehabilitation, Charlotte, NC 28203, USADepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Health Carolinas Rehabilitation, Charlotte, NC 28203, USAGerontechnology and Rehabilitation Group, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, SwitzerlandDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Carolinas Medical Center, Atrium Health Carolinas Rehabilitation, Charlotte, NC 28203, USAIntroduction: Exercise therapy may increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and improve clinical outcomes in people living with Parkinson’s disease (PD). This systematic review was performed to investigate the effect of exercise therapy on BDNF levels and clinical outcomes in human PD and to discuss mechanisms proposed by authors. Method: A search on the literature was performed on PubMed up to December 2023 using the following key words: Parkinson’s disease AND exercise, exercise therapy, neurological rehabilitation AND brain-derived neurotrophic factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor/blood, brain-derived neurotrophic factor/cerebrospinal fluid AND randomized clinical trial, intervention study. Only randomized clinical trials comparing an exercise intervention to treatment as usual, usual care (UC), sham intervention, or no intervention were included. Results: A meta-analysis of BDNF outcomes with pooled data from five trials (N = 216 participants) resulted in a significant standardized mean difference (SMD) of 1.20 [95% CI 0.53 to 1.87; Z = 3.52, <i>p</i> = 0.0004, I<sup>2</sup> = 77%], favoring exercise using motorized treadmill, Speedflex machine, rowing machine, and non-specified exercise. Significant improvements were found in Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), UPDRS-III, 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS). Methodological quality of trials was categorized as “good” in three trials, “fair” in one trial, and “poor” in one trial. Conclusion: Key results of this systematic review are that exercise therapy is effective in raising serum BDNF levels and seems effective in alleviating PD motor symptoms. Exercise therapy confers neuroplastic effects on Parkinson brain, mediated, in part, by BDNF.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/14/3/194BDNFexerciseParkinson’s disease |
| spellingShingle | Daan G. M. Kaagman Erwin E. H. van Wegen Natalie Cignetti Emily Rothermel Tim Vanbellingen Mark A. Hirsch Effects and Mechanisms of Exercise on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Levels and Clinical Outcomes in People with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Brain Sciences BDNF exercise Parkinson’s disease |
| title | Effects and Mechanisms of Exercise on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Levels and Clinical Outcomes in People with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | Effects and Mechanisms of Exercise on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Levels and Clinical Outcomes in People with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Effects and Mechanisms of Exercise on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Levels and Clinical Outcomes in People with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects and Mechanisms of Exercise on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Levels and Clinical Outcomes in People with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | Effects and Mechanisms of Exercise on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Levels and Clinical Outcomes in People with Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | effects and mechanisms of exercise on brain derived neurotrophic factor bdnf levels and clinical outcomes in people with parkinson s disease a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | BDNF exercise Parkinson’s disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/14/3/194 |
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