Early Observations on the Steamer <i>Bengala</i> (Formerly Named <i>Mecca</i> and <i>Livorno</i>) Sunk off Capo Rizzuto (Crotone, Italy) in 1889
In the waters of the Calabrian Ionian Sea, off Isola di Capo Rizzuto (Crotone, Italy) and at a depth of 26–29 m, lies the wreck of <i>Bengala</i>, an iron screw-steamer foundered in 1889. She was built and launched in 1871 in Sunderland (Great Britain) in the yards of Iliff, Mounsey, and...
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/3/3/49 |
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| author | Salvatore Medaglia Francesco Megna Luca De Rosa |
| author_facet | Salvatore Medaglia Francesco Megna Luca De Rosa |
| author_sort | Salvatore Medaglia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the waters of the Calabrian Ionian Sea, off Isola di Capo Rizzuto (Crotone, Italy) and at a depth of 26–29 m, lies the wreck of <i>Bengala</i>, an iron screw-steamer foundered in 1889. She was built and launched in 1871 in Sunderland (Great Britain) in the yards of Iliff, Mounsey, and Co. (Sunderland), with the name of <i>Mecca</i> and her British owner was Mr. Ralph Milbanke Hudson Junior. In 1872 she was sold to the <i>Lloyd Italiano</i> company and was rechristened as <i>Livorno</i>. In 1876 her ownership changed once more and she became part of the fleet of the Genoese shipping company <i>Rubattino and Co</i>. with the name <i>Bengala</i>. The steamer was sold for the last time at the launch of the <i>Navigazione Generale Italiana</i> in 1881, one of the largest shipping companies in Europe. Until now, no scientific study has been dedicated to this topic and the few references in the literature are often incorrect. For this reason, in the pages that follow, a broad historical account of the events concerning the steamer is offered for the first time, linking them to the complex events of the Italian merchant navy of that period. This is followed by the analysis of underwater archaeological evidence, with a view to carrying out more detailed investigations in the near future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:28:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3147d237140e4139a97e457f6e240c0e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2571-9408 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:28:10Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heritage |
| spelling | doaj.art-3147d237140e4139a97e457f6e240c0e2023-11-20T10:05:21ZengMDPI AGHeritage2571-94082020-08-013389191410.3390/heritage3030049Early Observations on the Steamer <i>Bengala</i> (Formerly Named <i>Mecca</i> and <i>Livorno</i>) Sunk off Capo Rizzuto (Crotone, Italy) in 1889Salvatore Medaglia0Francesco Megna1Luca De Rosa2Laboratory of Ancient Topography and Calabrian Antiquity, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, ItalyMarine Strategy CRSM, 88900 Crotone, ItalyIndependent Researcher in Mechanical Engineering, 88841 Isola di Capo Rizzuto (Kr), ItalyIn the waters of the Calabrian Ionian Sea, off Isola di Capo Rizzuto (Crotone, Italy) and at a depth of 26–29 m, lies the wreck of <i>Bengala</i>, an iron screw-steamer foundered in 1889. She was built and launched in 1871 in Sunderland (Great Britain) in the yards of Iliff, Mounsey, and Co. (Sunderland), with the name of <i>Mecca</i> and her British owner was Mr. Ralph Milbanke Hudson Junior. In 1872 she was sold to the <i>Lloyd Italiano</i> company and was rechristened as <i>Livorno</i>. In 1876 her ownership changed once more and she became part of the fleet of the Genoese shipping company <i>Rubattino and Co</i>. with the name <i>Bengala</i>. The steamer was sold for the last time at the launch of the <i>Navigazione Generale Italiana</i> in 1881, one of the largest shipping companies in Europe. Until now, no scientific study has been dedicated to this topic and the few references in the literature are often incorrect. For this reason, in the pages that follow, a broad historical account of the events concerning the steamer is offered for the first time, linking them to the complex events of the Italian merchant navy of that period. This is followed by the analysis of underwater archaeological evidence, with a view to carrying out more detailed investigations in the near future.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/3/3/49underwater archaeologyunderwater cultural heritagesteameriron screw-steamershipwreckItalian merchant navy |
| spellingShingle | Salvatore Medaglia Francesco Megna Luca De Rosa Early Observations on the Steamer <i>Bengala</i> (Formerly Named <i>Mecca</i> and <i>Livorno</i>) Sunk off Capo Rizzuto (Crotone, Italy) in 1889 Heritage underwater archaeology underwater cultural heritage steamer iron screw-steamer shipwreck Italian merchant navy |
| title | Early Observations on the Steamer <i>Bengala</i> (Formerly Named <i>Mecca</i> and <i>Livorno</i>) Sunk off Capo Rizzuto (Crotone, Italy) in 1889 |
| title_full | Early Observations on the Steamer <i>Bengala</i> (Formerly Named <i>Mecca</i> and <i>Livorno</i>) Sunk off Capo Rizzuto (Crotone, Italy) in 1889 |
| title_fullStr | Early Observations on the Steamer <i>Bengala</i> (Formerly Named <i>Mecca</i> and <i>Livorno</i>) Sunk off Capo Rizzuto (Crotone, Italy) in 1889 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Early Observations on the Steamer <i>Bengala</i> (Formerly Named <i>Mecca</i> and <i>Livorno</i>) Sunk off Capo Rizzuto (Crotone, Italy) in 1889 |
| title_short | Early Observations on the Steamer <i>Bengala</i> (Formerly Named <i>Mecca</i> and <i>Livorno</i>) Sunk off Capo Rizzuto (Crotone, Italy) in 1889 |
| title_sort | early observations on the steamer i bengala i formerly named i mecca i and i livorno i sunk off capo rizzuto crotone italy in 1889 |
| topic | underwater archaeology underwater cultural heritage steamer iron screw-steamer shipwreck Italian merchant navy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/3/3/49 |
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