Aluminum Scrap to Hydrogen: Complex Effects of Oxidation Medium, Ball Milling Parameters, and Copper Additive Dispersity
An effective combination of oxidation medium, ball milling parameters, and copper additive disperstiy ensuring fast aluminum scrap reaction with high hydrogen yield, was suggested. Different milling parameters (5, 10, and 15 mm steel balls; 1 and 2 h; unidirectional and bidirectional rotation modes)...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/2/185 |
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| author | Olesya A. Buryakovskaya Musi Zh. Suleimanov Mikhail S. Vlaskin Vinod Kumar Grayr N. Ambaryan |
| author_facet | Olesya A. Buryakovskaya Musi Zh. Suleimanov Mikhail S. Vlaskin Vinod Kumar Grayr N. Ambaryan |
| author_sort | Olesya A. Buryakovskaya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An effective combination of oxidation medium, ball milling parameters, and copper additive disperstiy ensuring fast aluminum scrap reaction with high hydrogen yield, was suggested. Different milling parameters (5, 10, and 15 mm steel balls; 1 and 2 h; unidirectional and bidirectional rotation modes) were tested for Al-10 wt.% Cu (50–70 μm) composition. The samples milled with 5 (2 h) and 10 mm (1 and 2 h) balls contained undesirable intermetallic phases Al<sub>2</sub>Cu and Cu<sub>9</sub>Al<sub>4</sub>, while those activated with 15 mm balls (1 h) provided the second-finest powder and best preservation of the original Cu and Al phases. Among the tested (at 60 °C) 2 M solutions NaCl, LiCl, KCl, MgCl<sub>2</sub>, ZnCl<sub>2</sub>, BaCl<sub>2</sub>, CaCl<sub>2</sub>, NiCl<sub>2</sub>, CoCl<sub>2</sub>, FeCl<sub>2</sub>, and AlCl<sub>3</sub>, the first six appeared to be almost useless (below 4% hydrogen yield), the following four provided better results, and the ultimate 91.5% corresponded to AlCl<sub>3</sub>. Samples with Cu dispersity of 50–100 nm, 1–19, 50–70, and 150–250 μm, and with no additive, were milled under the optimal parameters and tested in AlCl<sub>3</sub>. Their total yields were similar (~90–94%), while reaction rates differed. The highest rate was obtained for the sample modified with 50–70 μm powder. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:26:00Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:26:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
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| series | Metals |
| spelling | doaj.art-3151664f1a2144c2aa73ddaaed41c42d2023-11-16T22:05:54ZengMDPI AGMetals2075-47012023-01-0113218510.3390/met13020185Aluminum Scrap to Hydrogen: Complex Effects of Oxidation Medium, Ball Milling Parameters, and Copper Additive DispersityOlesya A. Buryakovskaya0Musi Zh. Suleimanov1Mikhail S. Vlaskin2Vinod Kumar3Grayr N. Ambaryan4Laboratory of Energy Accumulating Materials, Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, RussiaLaboratory of Energy Accumulating Materials, Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, RussiaLaboratory of Energy Accumulating Materials, Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, RussiaDepartment of Lifesciences, Graphic Era (Deemed to Be University), Dehradun 248002, IndiaLaboratory of Energy Accumulating Materials, Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 125412, RussiaAn effective combination of oxidation medium, ball milling parameters, and copper additive disperstiy ensuring fast aluminum scrap reaction with high hydrogen yield, was suggested. Different milling parameters (5, 10, and 15 mm steel balls; 1 and 2 h; unidirectional and bidirectional rotation modes) were tested for Al-10 wt.% Cu (50–70 μm) composition. The samples milled with 5 (2 h) and 10 mm (1 and 2 h) balls contained undesirable intermetallic phases Al<sub>2</sub>Cu and Cu<sub>9</sub>Al<sub>4</sub>, while those activated with 15 mm balls (1 h) provided the second-finest powder and best preservation of the original Cu and Al phases. Among the tested (at 60 °C) 2 M solutions NaCl, LiCl, KCl, MgCl<sub>2</sub>, ZnCl<sub>2</sub>, BaCl<sub>2</sub>, CaCl<sub>2</sub>, NiCl<sub>2</sub>, CoCl<sub>2</sub>, FeCl<sub>2</sub>, and AlCl<sub>3</sub>, the first six appeared to be almost useless (below 4% hydrogen yield), the following four provided better results, and the ultimate 91.5% corresponded to AlCl<sub>3</sub>. Samples with Cu dispersity of 50–100 nm, 1–19, 50–70, and 150–250 μm, and with no additive, were milled under the optimal parameters and tested in AlCl<sub>3</sub>. Their total yields were similar (~90–94%), while reaction rates differed. The highest rate was obtained for the sample modified with 50–70 μm powder.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/2/185aluminum scrapcopper powderscomposite materialsball millingphase transformationsintermetallides |
| spellingShingle | Olesya A. Buryakovskaya Musi Zh. Suleimanov Mikhail S. Vlaskin Vinod Kumar Grayr N. Ambaryan Aluminum Scrap to Hydrogen: Complex Effects of Oxidation Medium, Ball Milling Parameters, and Copper Additive Dispersity Metals aluminum scrap copper powders composite materials ball milling phase transformations intermetallides |
| title | Aluminum Scrap to Hydrogen: Complex Effects of Oxidation Medium, Ball Milling Parameters, and Copper Additive Dispersity |
| title_full | Aluminum Scrap to Hydrogen: Complex Effects of Oxidation Medium, Ball Milling Parameters, and Copper Additive Dispersity |
| title_fullStr | Aluminum Scrap to Hydrogen: Complex Effects of Oxidation Medium, Ball Milling Parameters, and Copper Additive Dispersity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aluminum Scrap to Hydrogen: Complex Effects of Oxidation Medium, Ball Milling Parameters, and Copper Additive Dispersity |
| title_short | Aluminum Scrap to Hydrogen: Complex Effects of Oxidation Medium, Ball Milling Parameters, and Copper Additive Dispersity |
| title_sort | aluminum scrap to hydrogen complex effects of oxidation medium ball milling parameters and copper additive dispersity |
| topic | aluminum scrap copper powders composite materials ball milling phase transformations intermetallides |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/13/2/185 |
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