The Involvement of Ethylene in Calcium-Induced Adventitious Root Formation in Cucumber under Salt Stress
Calcium and ethylene are essential in plant growth and development. In this study, we investigated the effects of calcium and ethylene on adventitious root formation in cucumber explants under salt stress. The results revealed that 10 μM calcium chloride (CaCl<sub>2</sub>) or 0....
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MDPI AG
2019-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/5/1047 |
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| author | Jian Yu Lijuan Niu Jihua Yu Weibiao Liao Jianming Xie Jian Lv Zhi Feng Linli Hu Mohammed Mujitaba Dawuda |
| author_facet | Jian Yu Lijuan Niu Jihua Yu Weibiao Liao Jianming Xie Jian Lv Zhi Feng Linli Hu Mohammed Mujitaba Dawuda |
| author_sort | Jian Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Calcium and ethylene are essential in plant growth and development. In this study, we investigated the effects of calcium and ethylene on adventitious root formation in cucumber explants under salt stress. The results revealed that 10 μM calcium chloride (CaCl<sub>2</sub>) or 0.1 μM ethrel (ethylene donor) treatment have a maximum biological effect on promoting the adventitious rooting in cucumber under salt stress. Meanwhile, we investigated that removal of ethylene suppressed calcium ion (Ca<sup>2+</sup>)-induced the formation of adventitious root under salt stress indicated that ethylene participates in this process. Moreover, the application of Ca<sup>2+</sup> promoted the activities of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) and ACC Oxidase (ACO), as well as the production of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) and ethylene under salt stress. Furthermore, we discovered that Ca<sup>2+</sup> greatly up-regulated the expression level of <i>CsACS3</i>, <i>CsACO1</i> and <i>CsACO2</i> under salt stress. Meanwhile, Ca<sup>2+</sup> significantly down-regulated <i>CsETR1</i>, <i>CsETR2</i>, <i>CsERS,</i> and <i>CsCTR1,</i> but positively up-regulated the expression of <i>CsEIN2</i> and <i>CsEIN3</i> under salt stress; however, the application of Ca<sup>2+</sup> chelators or channel inhibitors could obviously reverse the effects of Ca<sup>2+</sup> on the expression of the above genes. These results indicated that Ca<sup>2+</sup> played a vital role in promoting the adventitious root development in cucumber under salt stress through regulating endogenous ethylene synthesis and activating the ethylene signal transduction pathway. |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-316193cf42b44041bd6f1a6429066d732022-12-22T03:53:35ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1422-00672019-02-01205104710.3390/ijms20051047ijms20051047The Involvement of Ethylene in Calcium-Induced Adventitious Root Formation in Cucumber under Salt StressJian Yu0Lijuan Niu1Jihua Yu2Weibiao Liao3Jianming Xie4Jian Lv5Zhi Feng6Linli Hu7Mohammed Mujitaba Dawuda8College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, ChinaCalcium and ethylene are essential in plant growth and development. In this study, we investigated the effects of calcium and ethylene on adventitious root formation in cucumber explants under salt stress. The results revealed that 10 μM calcium chloride (CaCl<sub>2</sub>) or 0.1 μM ethrel (ethylene donor) treatment have a maximum biological effect on promoting the adventitious rooting in cucumber under salt stress. Meanwhile, we investigated that removal of ethylene suppressed calcium ion (Ca<sup>2+</sup>)-induced the formation of adventitious root under salt stress indicated that ethylene participates in this process. Moreover, the application of Ca<sup>2+</sup> promoted the activities of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS) and ACC Oxidase (ACO), as well as the production of 1-aminocyclopropane-l-carboxylic acid (ACC) and ethylene under salt stress. Furthermore, we discovered that Ca<sup>2+</sup> greatly up-regulated the expression level of <i>CsACS3</i>, <i>CsACO1</i> and <i>CsACO2</i> under salt stress. Meanwhile, Ca<sup>2+</sup> significantly down-regulated <i>CsETR1</i>, <i>CsETR2</i>, <i>CsERS,</i> and <i>CsCTR1,</i> but positively up-regulated the expression of <i>CsEIN2</i> and <i>CsEIN3</i> under salt stress; however, the application of Ca<sup>2+</sup> chelators or channel inhibitors could obviously reverse the effects of Ca<sup>2+</sup> on the expression of the above genes. These results indicated that Ca<sup>2+</sup> played a vital role in promoting the adventitious root development in cucumber under salt stress through regulating endogenous ethylene synthesis and activating the ethylene signal transduction pathway.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/5/1047calciumethyleneadventitious rootingethylene biosynthesissalt stress |
| spellingShingle | Jian Yu Lijuan Niu Jihua Yu Weibiao Liao Jianming Xie Jian Lv Zhi Feng Linli Hu Mohammed Mujitaba Dawuda The Involvement of Ethylene in Calcium-Induced Adventitious Root Formation in Cucumber under Salt Stress International Journal of Molecular Sciences calcium ethylene adventitious rooting ethylene biosynthesis salt stress |
| title | The Involvement of Ethylene in Calcium-Induced Adventitious Root Formation in Cucumber under Salt Stress |
| title_full | The Involvement of Ethylene in Calcium-Induced Adventitious Root Formation in Cucumber under Salt Stress |
| title_fullStr | The Involvement of Ethylene in Calcium-Induced Adventitious Root Formation in Cucumber under Salt Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Involvement of Ethylene in Calcium-Induced Adventitious Root Formation in Cucumber under Salt Stress |
| title_short | The Involvement of Ethylene in Calcium-Induced Adventitious Root Formation in Cucumber under Salt Stress |
| title_sort | involvement of ethylene in calcium induced adventitious root formation in cucumber under salt stress |
| topic | calcium ethylene adventitious rooting ethylene biosynthesis salt stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/20/5/1047 |
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