Red deer Cervus elaphus blink more in larger groups
Abstract Most animals need to spend time being vigilant for predators, at the expense of other activities such as foraging. Group‐living animals can benefit from the shared vigilance effort of other group members, with individuals reducing personal vigilance effort as group size increases. Behaviors...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Ecology and Evolution |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9908 |
| _version_ | 1797857473510506496 |
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| author | Zeke W. Rowe Joseph H. Robins Sean A. Rands |
| author_facet | Zeke W. Rowe Joseph H. Robins Sean A. Rands |
| author_sort | Zeke W. Rowe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Most animals need to spend time being vigilant for predators, at the expense of other activities such as foraging. Group‐living animals can benefit from the shared vigilance effort of other group members, with individuals reducing personal vigilance effort as group size increases. Behaviors like active scanning or head lifting are usually used to quantify vigilance but may not be accurate measures of this. We suggest that measuring an animal's blinking rate gives a meaningful measure of vigilance: increased blinking implies reduced vigilance, as the animal cannot detect predators when its eyes are closed. We describe an observational study of a captive population of red deer, where we measured the blinking rates of individual deer from groups of differing sizes (where mean group size ranged between 1 and 42.7 individuals). We demonstrate that as group size increases in red deer, individuals increase their blink rate, confirming the prediction that vigilance should decrease. Blinking is a simple non‐invasive measure and offers a useful metric for assessing the welfare of animals experiencing an increase in perceived predation risk or other stressors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T20:58:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-31636da437f640148f1f0dfb4a9e7761 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-7758 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T20:58:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj.art-31636da437f640148f1f0dfb4a9e77612023-03-29T14:14:47ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582023-03-01133n/an/a10.1002/ece3.9908Red deer Cervus elaphus blink more in larger groupsZeke W. Rowe0Joseph H. Robins1Sean A. Rands2School of Biological Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UKSchool of Biological Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UKSchool of Biological Sciences University of Bristol Bristol UKAbstract Most animals need to spend time being vigilant for predators, at the expense of other activities such as foraging. Group‐living animals can benefit from the shared vigilance effort of other group members, with individuals reducing personal vigilance effort as group size increases. Behaviors like active scanning or head lifting are usually used to quantify vigilance but may not be accurate measures of this. We suggest that measuring an animal's blinking rate gives a meaningful measure of vigilance: increased blinking implies reduced vigilance, as the animal cannot detect predators when its eyes are closed. We describe an observational study of a captive population of red deer, where we measured the blinking rates of individual deer from groups of differing sizes (where mean group size ranged between 1 and 42.7 individuals). We demonstrate that as group size increases in red deer, individuals increase their blink rate, confirming the prediction that vigilance should decrease. Blinking is a simple non‐invasive measure and offers a useful metric for assessing the welfare of animals experiencing an increase in perceived predation risk or other stressors.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9908anti‐predator behaviourelkforaging behaviourvigilancevisual ecology |
| spellingShingle | Zeke W. Rowe Joseph H. Robins Sean A. Rands Red deer Cervus elaphus blink more in larger groups Ecology and Evolution anti‐predator behaviour elk foraging behaviour vigilance visual ecology |
| title | Red deer Cervus elaphus blink more in larger groups |
| title_full | Red deer Cervus elaphus blink more in larger groups |
| title_fullStr | Red deer Cervus elaphus blink more in larger groups |
| title_full_unstemmed | Red deer Cervus elaphus blink more in larger groups |
| title_short | Red deer Cervus elaphus blink more in larger groups |
| title_sort | red deer cervus elaphus blink more in larger groups |
| topic | anti‐predator behaviour elk foraging behaviour vigilance visual ecology |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9908 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zekewrowe reddeercervuselaphusblinkmoreinlargergroups AT josephhrobins reddeercervuselaphusblinkmoreinlargergroups AT seanarands reddeercervuselaphusblinkmoreinlargergroups |