Bridging the Scientific Gaps to Identify Effective Treatments in Adrenocortical Cancer
Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) typically presents in advanced stages of disease and has a dismal prognosis. One of the foremost reasons for this is the lack of available systemic therapies, with mitotane remaining the backbone of treatment since its discovery in the 1960s, despite underwhelming efficac...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/21/5245 |
| _version_ | 1797468843867635712 |
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| author | Nicholas Michael Naris Nilubol |
| author_facet | Nicholas Michael Naris Nilubol |
| author_sort | Nicholas Michael |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) typically presents in advanced stages of disease and has a dismal prognosis. One of the foremost reasons for this is the lack of available systemic therapies, with mitotane remaining the backbone of treatment since its discovery in the 1960s, despite underwhelming efficacy. Surgery remains the only potentially curative option, but about half of patients will recur post-operatively, often with metastatic disease. Other local treatment options have been attempted but are only used practically on a case-by-case basis. Over the past few decades there have been significant advances in understanding the molecular background of ACC, but this has not yet translated to better treatment options. Attempts at novel treatment strategies have not provided significant clinical benefit. This paper reviews our current treatment options and molecular understanding of ACC and the reasons why a successful treatment has remained elusive. Additionally, we discuss the knowledge gaps that need to be overcome to bring us closer to successful treatment and ways to bridge them. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:13:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-31637b91edf74463a818504745651376 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:13:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-31637b91edf74463a8185047456513762023-11-24T04:01:23ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942022-10-011421524510.3390/cancers14215245Bridging the Scientific Gaps to Identify Effective Treatments in Adrenocortical CancerNicholas Michael0Naris Nilubol1Surgical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USASurgical Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USAAdrenocortical cancer (ACC) typically presents in advanced stages of disease and has a dismal prognosis. One of the foremost reasons for this is the lack of available systemic therapies, with mitotane remaining the backbone of treatment since its discovery in the 1960s, despite underwhelming efficacy. Surgery remains the only potentially curative option, but about half of patients will recur post-operatively, often with metastatic disease. Other local treatment options have been attempted but are only used practically on a case-by-case basis. Over the past few decades there have been significant advances in understanding the molecular background of ACC, but this has not yet translated to better treatment options. Attempts at novel treatment strategies have not provided significant clinical benefit. This paper reviews our current treatment options and molecular understanding of ACC and the reasons why a successful treatment has remained elusive. Additionally, we discuss the knowledge gaps that need to be overcome to bring us closer to successful treatment and ways to bridge them.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/21/5245adrenocortical carcinomagenomicstranscriptomicsadrenalectomyimmunotherapyquantitative high throughput drug screening |
| spellingShingle | Nicholas Michael Naris Nilubol Bridging the Scientific Gaps to Identify Effective Treatments in Adrenocortical Cancer Cancers adrenocortical carcinoma genomics transcriptomics adrenalectomy immunotherapy quantitative high throughput drug screening |
| title | Bridging the Scientific Gaps to Identify Effective Treatments in Adrenocortical Cancer |
| title_full | Bridging the Scientific Gaps to Identify Effective Treatments in Adrenocortical Cancer |
| title_fullStr | Bridging the Scientific Gaps to Identify Effective Treatments in Adrenocortical Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bridging the Scientific Gaps to Identify Effective Treatments in Adrenocortical Cancer |
| title_short | Bridging the Scientific Gaps to Identify Effective Treatments in Adrenocortical Cancer |
| title_sort | bridging the scientific gaps to identify effective treatments in adrenocortical cancer |
| topic | adrenocortical carcinoma genomics transcriptomics adrenalectomy immunotherapy quantitative high throughput drug screening |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/21/5245 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nicholasmichael bridgingthescientificgapstoidentifyeffectivetreatmentsinadrenocorticalcancer AT narisnilubol bridgingthescientificgapstoidentifyeffectivetreatmentsinadrenocorticalcancer |