Microbial Alterations and Risk Factors of Breast Cancer: Connections and Mechanistic Insights
Breast cancer-related mortality remains high worldwide, despite tremendous advances in diagnostics and therapeutics; hence, the quest for better strategies for disease management, as well as the identification of modifiable risk factors, continues. With recent leaps in genomic technologies, microbio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/5/1091 |
| _version_ | 1797569323353505792 |
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| author | Sheetal Parida Dipali Sharma |
| author_facet | Sheetal Parida Dipali Sharma |
| author_sort | Sheetal Parida |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Breast cancer-related mortality remains high worldwide, despite tremendous advances in diagnostics and therapeutics; hence, the quest for better strategies for disease management, as well as the identification of modifiable risk factors, continues. With recent leaps in genomic technologies, microbiota have emerged as major players in most cancers, including breast cancer. Interestingly, microbial alterations have been observed with some of the established risk factors of breast cancer, such as obesity, aging and periodontal disease. Higher levels of estrogen, a risk factor for breast cancer that cross-talks with other risk factors such as alcohol intake, obesity, parity, breastfeeding, early menarche and late menopause, are also modulated by microbial dysbiosis. In this review, we discuss the association between known breast cancer risk factors and altered microbiota. An important question related to microbial dysbiosis and cancer is the underlying mechanisms by which alterations in microbiota can support cancer progression. To this end, we review the involvement of microbial metabolites as effector molecules, the modulation of the metabolism of xenobiotics, the induction of systemic immune modulation, and altered responses to therapy owing to microbial dysbiosis. Given the association of breast cancer risk factors with microbial dysbiosis and the multitude of mechanisms altered by dysbiotic microbiota, an impaired microbiome is, in itself, an important risk factor. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:10:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-31650b9331544592ab8876037d33d8cd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:10:16Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-31650b9331544592ab8876037d33d8cd2023-11-19T22:58:03ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092020-04-0195109110.3390/cells9051091Microbial Alterations and Risk Factors of Breast Cancer: Connections and Mechanistic InsightsSheetal Parida0Dipali Sharma1Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21218, USADepartment of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21218, USABreast cancer-related mortality remains high worldwide, despite tremendous advances in diagnostics and therapeutics; hence, the quest for better strategies for disease management, as well as the identification of modifiable risk factors, continues. With recent leaps in genomic technologies, microbiota have emerged as major players in most cancers, including breast cancer. Interestingly, microbial alterations have been observed with some of the established risk factors of breast cancer, such as obesity, aging and periodontal disease. Higher levels of estrogen, a risk factor for breast cancer that cross-talks with other risk factors such as alcohol intake, obesity, parity, breastfeeding, early menarche and late menopause, are also modulated by microbial dysbiosis. In this review, we discuss the association between known breast cancer risk factors and altered microbiota. An important question related to microbial dysbiosis and cancer is the underlying mechanisms by which alterations in microbiota can support cancer progression. To this end, we review the involvement of microbial metabolites as effector molecules, the modulation of the metabolism of xenobiotics, the induction of systemic immune modulation, and altered responses to therapy owing to microbial dysbiosis. Given the association of breast cancer risk factors with microbial dysbiosis and the multitude of mechanisms altered by dysbiotic microbiota, an impaired microbiome is, in itself, an important risk factor.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/5/1091microbiotamicrobiomebreast cancerobesityagingestrogen |
| spellingShingle | Sheetal Parida Dipali Sharma Microbial Alterations and Risk Factors of Breast Cancer: Connections and Mechanistic Insights Cells microbiota microbiome breast cancer obesity aging estrogen |
| title | Microbial Alterations and Risk Factors of Breast Cancer: Connections and Mechanistic Insights |
| title_full | Microbial Alterations and Risk Factors of Breast Cancer: Connections and Mechanistic Insights |
| title_fullStr | Microbial Alterations and Risk Factors of Breast Cancer: Connections and Mechanistic Insights |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microbial Alterations and Risk Factors of Breast Cancer: Connections and Mechanistic Insights |
| title_short | Microbial Alterations and Risk Factors of Breast Cancer: Connections and Mechanistic Insights |
| title_sort | microbial alterations and risk factors of breast cancer connections and mechanistic insights |
| topic | microbiota microbiome breast cancer obesity aging estrogen |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/5/1091 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sheetalparida microbialalterationsandriskfactorsofbreastcancerconnectionsandmechanisticinsights AT dipalisharma microbialalterationsandriskfactorsofbreastcancerconnectionsandmechanisticinsights |