The Effect of Mushroom Culture Filtrates on the Inhibition of Mycotoxins Produced by <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Aspergillus carbonarius</i>
Two of the mycotoxins of greatest agroeconomic significance are aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>), and ochratoxin A (OTA). It has been reported that extracts from some wood-decaying mushrooms, such as <i>Lentinula edodes</i> and <i>Trametes versicolo...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/3/177 |
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| author | Jelena Loncar Barbara Bellich Paola Cescutti Alice Motola Marzia Beccaccioli Slaven Zjalic Massimo Reverberi |
| author_facet | Jelena Loncar Barbara Bellich Paola Cescutti Alice Motola Marzia Beccaccioli Slaven Zjalic Massimo Reverberi |
| author_sort | Jelena Loncar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Two of the mycotoxins of greatest agroeconomic significance are aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>), and ochratoxin A (OTA). It has been reported that extracts from some wood-decaying mushrooms, such as <i>Lentinula edodes</i> and <i>Trametes versicolor</i> showed the ability to inhibit AFB<sub>1</sub> or OTA biosynthesis. Therefore, in our study, a wide screening of 42 isolates of different ligninolytic mushrooms was assayed for their ability to inhibit the synthesis of OTA in <i>Aspergillus carbonarius</i> and AFB<sub>1</sub> in <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>, in order to find a metabolite that can simultaneously inhibit both mycotoxins. The results showed that four isolates produce metabolites able to inhibit the synthesis of OTA, and 11 isolates produced metabolites that inhibited AFB<sub>1</sub> by >50%. Two strains, the <i>Trametes versicolor</i> strain TV117 and the <i>Schizophyllum commune</i> strain S.C. Ailanto, produced metabolites able to significantly inhibit (>90%) the synthesis of both mycotoxins. Preliminary results suggest that the mechanism of efficacy of the <i>S. commune</i> rough and semipurified polysaccharides could be analogous to that found previously for Tramesan<sup>®</sup>, by enhancing the antioxidant response in the target fungal cells. The overall results indicate that <i>S. commune’s</i> polysaccharide(s) could be a potential agent(s) in biological control and/or a useful component of the integrated strategies able to control mycotoxin synthesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:49:05Z |
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| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:49:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-3171ac9b42f84eb6926e8b7b0a350d0e2023-11-17T14:13:57ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512023-02-0115317710.3390/toxins15030177The Effect of Mushroom Culture Filtrates on the Inhibition of Mycotoxins Produced by <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Aspergillus carbonarius</i>Jelena Loncar0Barbara Bellich1Paola Cescutti2Alice Motola3Marzia Beccaccioli4Slaven Zjalic5Massimo Reverberi6Department of Ecology, Aquaculture, and Agriculture, University of Zadar, 23000 Zadar, CroatiaDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, ItalyDepartment of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Ecology, Aquaculture, and Agriculture, University of Zadar, 23000 Zadar, CroatiaDepartment of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyTwo of the mycotoxins of greatest agroeconomic significance are aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> (AFB<sub>1</sub>), and ochratoxin A (OTA). It has been reported that extracts from some wood-decaying mushrooms, such as <i>Lentinula edodes</i> and <i>Trametes versicolor</i> showed the ability to inhibit AFB<sub>1</sub> or OTA biosynthesis. Therefore, in our study, a wide screening of 42 isolates of different ligninolytic mushrooms was assayed for their ability to inhibit the synthesis of OTA in <i>Aspergillus carbonarius</i> and AFB<sub>1</sub> in <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>, in order to find a metabolite that can simultaneously inhibit both mycotoxins. The results showed that four isolates produce metabolites able to inhibit the synthesis of OTA, and 11 isolates produced metabolites that inhibited AFB<sub>1</sub> by >50%. Two strains, the <i>Trametes versicolor</i> strain TV117 and the <i>Schizophyllum commune</i> strain S.C. Ailanto, produced metabolites able to significantly inhibit (>90%) the synthesis of both mycotoxins. Preliminary results suggest that the mechanism of efficacy of the <i>S. commune</i> rough and semipurified polysaccharides could be analogous to that found previously for Tramesan<sup>®</sup>, by enhancing the antioxidant response in the target fungal cells. The overall results indicate that <i>S. commune’s</i> polysaccharide(s) could be a potential agent(s) in biological control and/or a useful component of the integrated strategies able to control mycotoxin synthesis.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/3/177aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub>ochratoxin A<i>Schizophyllum commune</i>schizophyllanbiological control |
| spellingShingle | Jelena Loncar Barbara Bellich Paola Cescutti Alice Motola Marzia Beccaccioli Slaven Zjalic Massimo Reverberi The Effect of Mushroom Culture Filtrates on the Inhibition of Mycotoxins Produced by <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Aspergillus carbonarius</i> Toxins aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> ochratoxin A <i>Schizophyllum commune</i> schizophyllan biological control |
| title | The Effect of Mushroom Culture Filtrates on the Inhibition of Mycotoxins Produced by <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Aspergillus carbonarius</i> |
| title_full | The Effect of Mushroom Culture Filtrates on the Inhibition of Mycotoxins Produced by <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Aspergillus carbonarius</i> |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Mushroom Culture Filtrates on the Inhibition of Mycotoxins Produced by <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Aspergillus carbonarius</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Mushroom Culture Filtrates on the Inhibition of Mycotoxins Produced by <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Aspergillus carbonarius</i> |
| title_short | The Effect of Mushroom Culture Filtrates on the Inhibition of Mycotoxins Produced by <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> and <i>Aspergillus carbonarius</i> |
| title_sort | effect of mushroom culture filtrates on the inhibition of mycotoxins produced by i aspergillus flavus i and i aspergillus carbonarius i |
| topic | aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> ochratoxin A <i>Schizophyllum commune</i> schizophyllan biological control |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/3/177 |
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