The Effect of Cigarette Smoking during Pregnancy on Endocrine Pancreatic Function and Fetal Growth: A Pilot Study
IntroductionCigarette smoking in pregnancy is a common cause of fetal growth restriction. We aimed to investigate endocrine pancreatic function of mother–infant dyads in relation to cigarette smoking, as a possible mechanism for the poor fetal growth.MethodsProspective study of smoking mothers (10 c...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00314/full |
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| author | Fatima Lockhart Anthony Liu Bernard Linton Champion Michael John Peek Ralph Kay Heinrich Nanan Alison Sally Poulton |
| author_facet | Fatima Lockhart Anthony Liu Bernard Linton Champion Michael John Peek Ralph Kay Heinrich Nanan Alison Sally Poulton |
| author_sort | Fatima Lockhart |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionCigarette smoking in pregnancy is a common cause of fetal growth restriction. We aimed to investigate endocrine pancreatic function of mother–infant dyads in relation to cigarette smoking, as a possible mechanism for the poor fetal growth.MethodsProspective study of smoking mothers (10 cigarettes or more per day, self-reported to the midwife) and non-smoker control mothers during their first pregnancy. Insulin, glucose, C-peptide, HbA1C, fructosamine, prolactin, serotonin, and cortisol were measured in maternal blood at 24–26 weeks and in umbilical cord blood at birth. Cotinine was also measured in cord blood.ResultsOf 37 smokers and 36 non-smokers recruited, cord blood was obtainable from 38 babies (19 in each group). In utero cigarette exposure was associated with lower birthweight (3,035 ± 490 versus 3,405 ± 598 g, p = 0.005), with linear modeling of the smoking cohort showing a 41 g reduction for every increase of one cigarette smoked per day (95% CI −71 to −11 g, p = 0.010). There were no differences between groups in indices of maternal or perinatal endocrine pancreatic dysfunction. Heavier smoking independently correlated with higher maternal fasting levels of glucose (p = 0.044) and C-peptide (p = 0.011). We did not observe any significant associations between the daily number of cigarettes and any of the cord blood parameters. We also looked for differences between cohorts based on infant gender. Serotonin levels were higher in smoking mothers with male fetuses (p = 0.01 to p = 0.004).ConclusionEndocrine pancreatic dysfunction does not appear to be a major contributing factor to nicotine-associated fetal growth restriction. The higher serotonin levels in smoking mothers carrying male infants is of uncertain significance but could be a manifestation of gender differences in susceptibility to the long-term effects of cigarette smoking. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T13:04:14Z |
| publishDate | 2017-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-317f9d2ac66645faa0fe68f33e5caeb52022-12-21T16:54:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652017-11-01510.3389/fpubh.2017.00314290951The Effect of Cigarette Smoking during Pregnancy on Endocrine Pancreatic Function and Fetal Growth: A Pilot StudyFatima Lockhart0Anthony Liu1Bernard Linton Champion2Michael John Peek3Ralph Kay Heinrich Nanan4Alison Sally Poulton5Women and Children’s Health, Nepean Hospital, Penrith, NSW, AustraliaCharles Perkins Centre Nepean, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaCharles Perkins Centre Nepean, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaANU Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, AustraliaCharles Perkins Centre Nepean, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaCharles Perkins Centre Nepean, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, AustraliaIntroductionCigarette smoking in pregnancy is a common cause of fetal growth restriction. We aimed to investigate endocrine pancreatic function of mother–infant dyads in relation to cigarette smoking, as a possible mechanism for the poor fetal growth.MethodsProspective study of smoking mothers (10 cigarettes or more per day, self-reported to the midwife) and non-smoker control mothers during their first pregnancy. Insulin, glucose, C-peptide, HbA1C, fructosamine, prolactin, serotonin, and cortisol were measured in maternal blood at 24–26 weeks and in umbilical cord blood at birth. Cotinine was also measured in cord blood.ResultsOf 37 smokers and 36 non-smokers recruited, cord blood was obtainable from 38 babies (19 in each group). In utero cigarette exposure was associated with lower birthweight (3,035 ± 490 versus 3,405 ± 598 g, p = 0.005), with linear modeling of the smoking cohort showing a 41 g reduction for every increase of one cigarette smoked per day (95% CI −71 to −11 g, p = 0.010). There were no differences between groups in indices of maternal or perinatal endocrine pancreatic dysfunction. Heavier smoking independently correlated with higher maternal fasting levels of glucose (p = 0.044) and C-peptide (p = 0.011). We did not observe any significant associations between the daily number of cigarettes and any of the cord blood parameters. We also looked for differences between cohorts based on infant gender. Serotonin levels were higher in smoking mothers with male fetuses (p = 0.01 to p = 0.004).ConclusionEndocrine pancreatic dysfunction does not appear to be a major contributing factor to nicotine-associated fetal growth restriction. The higher serotonin levels in smoking mothers carrying male infants is of uncertain significance but could be a manifestation of gender differences in susceptibility to the long-term effects of cigarette smoking.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00314/fullprenatal cigarette smoke exposureprenatal nicotine exposureendocrine pancreatic functionbirthweightinsulin resistanceserotonin |
| spellingShingle | Fatima Lockhart Anthony Liu Bernard Linton Champion Michael John Peek Ralph Kay Heinrich Nanan Alison Sally Poulton The Effect of Cigarette Smoking during Pregnancy on Endocrine Pancreatic Function and Fetal Growth: A Pilot Study Frontiers in Public Health prenatal cigarette smoke exposure prenatal nicotine exposure endocrine pancreatic function birthweight insulin resistance serotonin |
| title | The Effect of Cigarette Smoking during Pregnancy on Endocrine Pancreatic Function and Fetal Growth: A Pilot Study |
| title_full | The Effect of Cigarette Smoking during Pregnancy on Endocrine Pancreatic Function and Fetal Growth: A Pilot Study |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Cigarette Smoking during Pregnancy on Endocrine Pancreatic Function and Fetal Growth: A Pilot Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Cigarette Smoking during Pregnancy on Endocrine Pancreatic Function and Fetal Growth: A Pilot Study |
| title_short | The Effect of Cigarette Smoking during Pregnancy on Endocrine Pancreatic Function and Fetal Growth: A Pilot Study |
| title_sort | effect of cigarette smoking during pregnancy on endocrine pancreatic function and fetal growth a pilot study |
| topic | prenatal cigarette smoke exposure prenatal nicotine exposure endocrine pancreatic function birthweight insulin resistance serotonin |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00314/full |
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