Peritoneal Immunity in Liver Disease
The peritoneum represents a confined microenvironment that has an emerging role as a distinct immunological compartment. In health, this niche is mainly populated by a heterogenous group of macrophages and T lymphocytes but also Natural Killer cells and B lymphocytes. Together they are crucial for i...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Livers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4389/3/2/16 |
| _version_ | 1797593773411139584 |
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| author | Joseph Delo Daniel Forton Evangelos Triantafyllou Arjuna Singanayagam |
| author_facet | Joseph Delo Daniel Forton Evangelos Triantafyllou Arjuna Singanayagam |
| author_sort | Joseph Delo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The peritoneum represents a confined microenvironment that has an emerging role as a distinct immunological compartment. In health, this niche is mainly populated by a heterogenous group of macrophages and T lymphocytes but also Natural Killer cells and B lymphocytes. Together they are crucial for immunological surveillance, clearance of infection and resolution of inflammation. Development of ascites is a defining feature of decompensated liver cirrhosis, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is the most frequent bacterial infection occurring in this patient group. Recent studies of ascitic fluid have revealed quantitative, phenotypic and functional differences in both innate and adaptive immune cells compared to the healthy state. This review summarises current knowledge of these alterations and explores how the peritoneum in chronic liver disease is simultaneously an immunologically compromised site and yet capable of provoking an intense inflammatory response. A better understanding of this might enable identification of new therapeutic targets aimed to rebalance the peritoneal immunity and reduce the reliance on antimicrobials in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:14:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3184eda247a34fbfb4dcf8a08e7297f7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-4389 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:14:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Livers |
| spelling | doaj.art-3184eda247a34fbfb4dcf8a08e7297f72023-11-18T11:19:17ZengMDPI AGLivers2673-43892023-04-013224025710.3390/livers3020016Peritoneal Immunity in Liver DiseaseJoseph Delo0Daniel Forton1Evangelos Triantafyllou2Arjuna Singanayagam3Infection Clinical Academic Group, Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George’s, University of London, Blackshaw Road, London SW17 0QT, UKDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St. George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Blackshaw Road, London SW17 0QT, UKSection of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London W2 1NY, UKInfection Clinical Academic Group, Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George’s, University of London, Blackshaw Road, London SW17 0QT, UKThe peritoneum represents a confined microenvironment that has an emerging role as a distinct immunological compartment. In health, this niche is mainly populated by a heterogenous group of macrophages and T lymphocytes but also Natural Killer cells and B lymphocytes. Together they are crucial for immunological surveillance, clearance of infection and resolution of inflammation. Development of ascites is a defining feature of decompensated liver cirrhosis, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is the most frequent bacterial infection occurring in this patient group. Recent studies of ascitic fluid have revealed quantitative, phenotypic and functional differences in both innate and adaptive immune cells compared to the healthy state. This review summarises current knowledge of these alterations and explores how the peritoneum in chronic liver disease is simultaneously an immunologically compromised site and yet capable of provoking an intense inflammatory response. A better understanding of this might enable identification of new therapeutic targets aimed to rebalance the peritoneal immunity and reduce the reliance on antimicrobials in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4389/3/2/16peritoneumascitescirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID)spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) |
| spellingShingle | Joseph Delo Daniel Forton Evangelos Triantafyllou Arjuna Singanayagam Peritoneal Immunity in Liver Disease Livers peritoneum ascites cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID) spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) |
| title | Peritoneal Immunity in Liver Disease |
| title_full | Peritoneal Immunity in Liver Disease |
| title_fullStr | Peritoneal Immunity in Liver Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Peritoneal Immunity in Liver Disease |
| title_short | Peritoneal Immunity in Liver Disease |
| title_sort | peritoneal immunity in liver disease |
| topic | peritoneum ascites cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction (CAID) spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4389/3/2/16 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT josephdelo peritonealimmunityinliverdisease AT danielforton peritonealimmunityinliverdisease AT evangelostriantafyllou peritonealimmunityinliverdisease AT arjunasinganayagam peritonealimmunityinliverdisease |