Validation of a Low-protein Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire
Analysis of dietary patterns and their role in long-term health is limited in phenylketonuria (PKU). Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) are commonly used to assess habitual intake. A semi-quantitative 89-item FFQ with a portion size photographic booklet was developed for children with PKU as a tool...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/8/1595 |
| _version_ | 1797409797077729280 |
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| author | Sharon Evans Catherine Ashmore Anne Daly Richard Jackson Alex Pinto Anita MacDonald |
| author_facet | Sharon Evans Catherine Ashmore Anne Daly Richard Jackson Alex Pinto Anita MacDonald |
| author_sort | Sharon Evans |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Analysis of dietary patterns and their role in long-term health is limited in phenylketonuria (PKU). Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) are commonly used to assess habitual intake. A semi-quantitative 89-item FFQ with a portion size photographic booklet was developed for children with PKU as a tool for collecting data on habitual intake of foods, food groups, energy and macronutrient intake. Twenty children with PKU aged 11–16 years, 30 parents of children with PKU aged 4–10 years, and 50 age/gender-matched control children were recruited. To test reproducibility, FFQs were completed twice with a mean interval of 5 weeks (range: 4–10). In order to test validity, FFQs were compared with five 24-h dietary recalls with a mean interval of 10 days (range: 6–18). Energy and macronutrient intake and quantity/week of individual food items were calculated and compared. There was good reproducibility for the FFQ with macronutrient correlations <i>r</i> > 0.6 and good validity data with most correlations <i>r</i> > 0.5. Bland–Altman plots for reproducibility and validity showed mean levels close to 0 and usually within 2 standard deviations. FFQ comparisons of PKU and control groups identified expected differences in % energy from macronutrients (PKU vs. control: carbohydrate 59% vs. 51%, fat 26% vs. 33%, protein 15% vs. 16%). This FFQ for PKU produced comparable data to repeated dietary recalls and is a valid tool for collecting data on habitual food and nutrient intake. It will be useful in assessing changes in dietary phenylalanine tolerance of new pharmacological treatments for PKU. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:20:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3185d5ce773c4456ae67e79c66b22a6a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:20:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-3185d5ce773c4456ae67e79c66b22a6a2023-12-03T13:48:13ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-04-01148159510.3390/nu14081595Validation of a Low-protein Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency QuestionnaireSharon Evans0Catherine Ashmore1Anne Daly2Richard Jackson3Alex Pinto4Anita MacDonald5Birmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B4 6NH, UKBirmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B4 6NH, UKBirmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B4 6NH, UKLiverpool Clinical Trials Centre, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L69 3GL, UKBirmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B4 6NH, UKBirmingham Women’s and Children’s Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B4 6NH, UKAnalysis of dietary patterns and their role in long-term health is limited in phenylketonuria (PKU). Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) are commonly used to assess habitual intake. A semi-quantitative 89-item FFQ with a portion size photographic booklet was developed for children with PKU as a tool for collecting data on habitual intake of foods, food groups, energy and macronutrient intake. Twenty children with PKU aged 11–16 years, 30 parents of children with PKU aged 4–10 years, and 50 age/gender-matched control children were recruited. To test reproducibility, FFQs were completed twice with a mean interval of 5 weeks (range: 4–10). In order to test validity, FFQs were compared with five 24-h dietary recalls with a mean interval of 10 days (range: 6–18). Energy and macronutrient intake and quantity/week of individual food items were calculated and compared. There was good reproducibility for the FFQ with macronutrient correlations <i>r</i> > 0.6 and good validity data with most correlations <i>r</i> > 0.5. Bland–Altman plots for reproducibility and validity showed mean levels close to 0 and usually within 2 standard deviations. FFQ comparisons of PKU and control groups identified expected differences in % energy from macronutrients (PKU vs. control: carbohydrate 59% vs. 51%, fat 26% vs. 33%, protein 15% vs. 16%). This FFQ for PKU produced comparable data to repeated dietary recalls and is a valid tool for collecting data on habitual food and nutrient intake. It will be useful in assessing changes in dietary phenylalanine tolerance of new pharmacological treatments for PKU.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/8/1595phenylketonuria (PKU)dietary patternsfood frequency questionnairevalidationreproducibility |
| spellingShingle | Sharon Evans Catherine Ashmore Anne Daly Richard Jackson Alex Pinto Anita MacDonald Validation of a Low-protein Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire Nutrients phenylketonuria (PKU) dietary patterns food frequency questionnaire validation reproducibility |
| title | Validation of a Low-protein Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire |
| title_full | Validation of a Low-protein Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire |
| title_fullStr | Validation of a Low-protein Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire |
| title_full_unstemmed | Validation of a Low-protein Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire |
| title_short | Validation of a Low-protein Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire |
| title_sort | validation of a low protein semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire |
| topic | phenylketonuria (PKU) dietary patterns food frequency questionnaire validation reproducibility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/8/1595 |
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