Source apportionment of size and time resolved trace elements and organic aerosols from an urban courtyard site in Switzerland
Time and size resolved data of trace elements were obtained from measurements with a rotating drum impactor (RDI) and subsequent X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Trace elements can act as indicators for the identification of sources of particulate matter <10 μm (PM<sub>10<...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2011-09-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/8945/2011/acp-11-8945-2011.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818023569172463616 |
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| author | A. Richard M. F. D. Gianini C. Mohr M. Furger N. Bukowiecki M. C. Minguillón P. Lienemann U. Flechsig K. Appel P. F. DeCarlo M. F. Heringa R. Chirico U. Baltensperger A. S. H. Prévôt |
| author_facet | A. Richard M. F. D. Gianini C. Mohr M. Furger N. Bukowiecki M. C. Minguillón P. Lienemann U. Flechsig K. Appel P. F. DeCarlo M. F. Heringa R. Chirico U. Baltensperger A. S. H. Prévôt |
| author_sort | A. Richard |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Time and size resolved data of trace elements were obtained from measurements with a rotating drum impactor (RDI) and subsequent X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Trace elements can act as indicators for the identification of sources of particulate matter <10 μm (PM<sub>10</sub>) in ambient air. Receptor modeling was performed with positive matrix factorization (PMF) for trace element data from an urban background site in Zürich, Switzerland. Eight different sources were identified for the three examined size ranges (PM<sub>1&minus;0.1</sub>, PM<sub>2.5&minus;1</sub> and PM<sub>10&minus;2.5</sub>): secondary sulfate, wood combustion, fire works, road traffic, mineral dust, de-icing salt, industrial and local anthropogenic activities. The major component was secondary sulfate for the smallest size range; the road traffic factor was found in all three size ranges. This trace element analysis is complemented with data from an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), assessing the PM<sub>1</sub> fraction of organic aerosols. A separate PMF analysis revealed three factors related to three of the sources found with the RDI: oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA, related to inorganic secondary sulfate), hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA, related to road traffic) and biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA), explaining 60 %, 22 % and 17 % of total measured organics, respectively. Since different compounds are used for the source classification, a higher percentage of the ambient PM<sub>10</sub> mass concentration can be apportioned to sources by the combination of both methods. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T03:46:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-318af31dd5394560880716614c50b3dd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T03:46:24Z |
| publishDate | 2011-09-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-318af31dd5394560880716614c50b3dd2022-12-22T02:03:24ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242011-09-0111178945896310.5194/acp-11-8945-2011Source apportionment of size and time resolved trace elements and organic aerosols from an urban courtyard site in SwitzerlandA. RichardM. F. D. GianiniC. MohrM. FurgerN. BukowieckiM. C. MinguillónP. LienemannU. FlechsigK. AppelP. F. DeCarloM. F. HeringaR. ChiricoU. BaltenspergerA. S. H. PrévôtTime and size resolved data of trace elements were obtained from measurements with a rotating drum impactor (RDI) and subsequent X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Trace elements can act as indicators for the identification of sources of particulate matter <10 μm (PM<sub>10</sub>) in ambient air. Receptor modeling was performed with positive matrix factorization (PMF) for trace element data from an urban background site in Zürich, Switzerland. Eight different sources were identified for the three examined size ranges (PM<sub>1&minus;0.1</sub>, PM<sub>2.5&minus;1</sub> and PM<sub>10&minus;2.5</sub>): secondary sulfate, wood combustion, fire works, road traffic, mineral dust, de-icing salt, industrial and local anthropogenic activities. The major component was secondary sulfate for the smallest size range; the road traffic factor was found in all three size ranges. This trace element analysis is complemented with data from an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), assessing the PM<sub>1</sub> fraction of organic aerosols. A separate PMF analysis revealed three factors related to three of the sources found with the RDI: oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA, related to inorganic secondary sulfate), hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol (HOA, related to road traffic) and biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA), explaining 60 %, 22 % and 17 % of total measured organics, respectively. Since different compounds are used for the source classification, a higher percentage of the ambient PM<sub>10</sub> mass concentration can be apportioned to sources by the combination of both methods.http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/8945/2011/acp-11-8945-2011.pdf |
| spellingShingle | A. Richard M. F. D. Gianini C. Mohr M. Furger N. Bukowiecki M. C. Minguillón P. Lienemann U. Flechsig K. Appel P. F. DeCarlo M. F. Heringa R. Chirico U. Baltensperger A. S. H. Prévôt Source apportionment of size and time resolved trace elements and organic aerosols from an urban courtyard site in Switzerland Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Source apportionment of size and time resolved trace elements and organic aerosols from an urban courtyard site in Switzerland |
| title_full | Source apportionment of size and time resolved trace elements and organic aerosols from an urban courtyard site in Switzerland |
| title_fullStr | Source apportionment of size and time resolved trace elements and organic aerosols from an urban courtyard site in Switzerland |
| title_full_unstemmed | Source apportionment of size and time resolved trace elements and organic aerosols from an urban courtyard site in Switzerland |
| title_short | Source apportionment of size and time resolved trace elements and organic aerosols from an urban courtyard site in Switzerland |
| title_sort | source apportionment of size and time resolved trace elements and organic aerosols from an urban courtyard site in switzerland |
| url | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/8945/2011/acp-11-8945-2011.pdf |
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