A Comprehensive Review of the Immunological Response against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection and Its Evasion Mechanisms
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease, which has been reported for over 100 years, and against which the struggle has lasted for the same amount of time. It affects individuals from the order Artiodactyla, such as cattle, swine, sheep, wild animals from this order, and a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/4/764 |
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| author | Ibett Rodríguez-Habibe Carmen Celis-Giraldo Manuel Elkin Patarroyo Catalina Avendaño Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo |
| author_facet | Ibett Rodríguez-Habibe Carmen Celis-Giraldo Manuel Elkin Patarroyo Catalina Avendaño Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo |
| author_sort | Ibett Rodríguez-Habibe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease, which has been reported for over 100 years, and against which the struggle has lasted for the same amount of time. It affects individuals from the order Artiodactyla, such as cattle, swine, sheep, wild animals from this order, and a few non-cloven hoofed species, such as mice and elephants. FMD causes large-scale economic losses for agricultural production systems; morbidity is almost 100% in an affected population, accompanied by a high mortality rate in young animals due to myocarditis or an inability to suckle if a mother is ill. The aetiological agent is an <i>Aphthovirus</i> from the family Picornaviridae, having seven serotypes: A, O, C, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3, and Asia 1. Serotype variability means that an immune response is serospecific and vaccines are thus designed to protect against each serotype independently. A host’s adaptive immune response is key in defence against pathogens; however, this virus uses successful strategies (along with most microorganisms) enabling it to evade a host’s immune system to rapidly and efficiently establish itself within such host, and thus remain there. This review has been aimed at an in-depth analysis of the immune response in cattle and swine regarding FMD virus, the possible evasion mechanisms used by the virus and describing some immunological differences regarding these species. Such aspects can provide pertinent knowledge for developing new FMD control and prevention strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:04:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-318ccca38c2749c8acbbf9bec56917d9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:04:41Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-318ccca38c2749c8acbbf9bec56917d92023-11-21T00:47:57ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2020-12-018476410.3390/vaccines8040764A Comprehensive Review of the Immunological Response against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection and Its Evasion MechanismsIbett Rodríguez-Habibe0Carmen Celis-Giraldo1Manuel Elkin Patarroyo2Catalina Avendaño3Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo4Animal Science Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Bogotá 111166, ColombiaAnimal Science Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Bogotá 111166, ColombiaFundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá 111321, ColombiaAnimal Science Faculty, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales (U.D.C.A), Bogotá 111166, ColombiaFundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Bogotá 111321, ColombiaFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease, which has been reported for over 100 years, and against which the struggle has lasted for the same amount of time. It affects individuals from the order Artiodactyla, such as cattle, swine, sheep, wild animals from this order, and a few non-cloven hoofed species, such as mice and elephants. FMD causes large-scale economic losses for agricultural production systems; morbidity is almost 100% in an affected population, accompanied by a high mortality rate in young animals due to myocarditis or an inability to suckle if a mother is ill. The aetiological agent is an <i>Aphthovirus</i> from the family Picornaviridae, having seven serotypes: A, O, C, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3, and Asia 1. Serotype variability means that an immune response is serospecific and vaccines are thus designed to protect against each serotype independently. A host’s adaptive immune response is key in defence against pathogens; however, this virus uses successful strategies (along with most microorganisms) enabling it to evade a host’s immune system to rapidly and efficiently establish itself within such host, and thus remain there. This review has been aimed at an in-depth analysis of the immune response in cattle and swine regarding FMD virus, the possible evasion mechanisms used by the virus and describing some immunological differences regarding these species. Such aspects can provide pertinent knowledge for developing new FMD control and prevention strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/4/764foot-and-mouth-disease virusimmune responseimmune evasion mechanism |
| spellingShingle | Ibett Rodríguez-Habibe Carmen Celis-Giraldo Manuel Elkin Patarroyo Catalina Avendaño Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo A Comprehensive Review of the Immunological Response against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection and Its Evasion Mechanisms Vaccines foot-and-mouth-disease virus immune response immune evasion mechanism |
| title | A Comprehensive Review of the Immunological Response against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection and Its Evasion Mechanisms |
| title_full | A Comprehensive Review of the Immunological Response against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection and Its Evasion Mechanisms |
| title_fullStr | A Comprehensive Review of the Immunological Response against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection and Its Evasion Mechanisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comprehensive Review of the Immunological Response against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection and Its Evasion Mechanisms |
| title_short | A Comprehensive Review of the Immunological Response against Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection and Its Evasion Mechanisms |
| title_sort | comprehensive review of the immunological response against foot and mouth disease virus infection and its evasion mechanisms |
| topic | foot-and-mouth-disease virus immune response immune evasion mechanism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/4/764 |
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