2.45 GHz Band Quadrature Microwave Frequency Discriminators with Integrated Correlators Based on Power Dividers and Rat-Race Hybrids
Instantaneous frequency measurement devices are useful for conducting extremely fast measurements of the current frequency value of microwave signals, even if their duration is extremely short. This paper presents the principle of determination of temporary values of the microwave signal phase and f...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Electronics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/22/2763 |
| _version_ | 1797510569485402112 |
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| author | Adam Rutkowski Hubert Stadnik |
| author_facet | Adam Rutkowski Hubert Stadnik |
| author_sort | Adam Rutkowski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Instantaneous frequency measurement devices are useful for conducting extremely fast measurements of the current frequency value of microwave signals, even if their duration is extremely short. This paper presents the principle of determination of temporary values of the microwave signal phase and frequency using interferometer techniques, based on passive microwave components. Additionally, the structures and results of measurements of two novel versions of integrated microwave correlators for microwave frequency discriminators, made on a single printed circuit board, are shown. Three Wilkinson-type, single-stage power dividers, and two rat-race hybrids create the developed correlators. The developed devices were designed to work over a wide frequency range, i.e., of 1.6–3.1 GHz, and can be used to monitor Wi-Fi devices as well as pulse and CW radar systems operating in the S band. They can also be applied in passive radars and active Doppler radars. The view of the printed circuits boards and results of measurements are presented. Recommendations for improving the accuracy of measurement are proposed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:33:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-31944d4868e24dab8dda6a785e9a7fc7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:33:13Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Electronics |
| spelling | doaj.art-31944d4868e24dab8dda6a785e9a7fc72023-11-22T23:06:45ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922021-11-011022276310.3390/electronics102227632.45 GHz Band Quadrature Microwave Frequency Discriminators with Integrated Correlators Based on Power Dividers and Rat-Race HybridsAdam Rutkowski0Hubert Stadnik1Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Aviation, Polish Air Force University, 08-521 Dęblin, PolandInstantaneous frequency measurement devices are useful for conducting extremely fast measurements of the current frequency value of microwave signals, even if their duration is extremely short. This paper presents the principle of determination of temporary values of the microwave signal phase and frequency using interferometer techniques, based on passive microwave components. Additionally, the structures and results of measurements of two novel versions of integrated microwave correlators for microwave frequency discriminators, made on a single printed circuit board, are shown. Three Wilkinson-type, single-stage power dividers, and two rat-race hybrids create the developed correlators. The developed devices were designed to work over a wide frequency range, i.e., of 1.6–3.1 GHz, and can be used to monitor Wi-Fi devices as well as pulse and CW radar systems operating in the S band. They can also be applied in passive radars and active Doppler radars. The view of the printed circuits boards and results of measurements are presented. Recommendations for improving the accuracy of measurement are proposed.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/22/2763microwave frequency discriminatormicrowave phase discriminatormicrowave correlatorrat-race hybridelectronic warfarepassive radar |
| spellingShingle | Adam Rutkowski Hubert Stadnik 2.45 GHz Band Quadrature Microwave Frequency Discriminators with Integrated Correlators Based on Power Dividers and Rat-Race Hybrids Electronics microwave frequency discriminator microwave phase discriminator microwave correlator rat-race hybrid electronic warfare passive radar |
| title | 2.45 GHz Band Quadrature Microwave Frequency Discriminators with Integrated Correlators Based on Power Dividers and Rat-Race Hybrids |
| title_full | 2.45 GHz Band Quadrature Microwave Frequency Discriminators with Integrated Correlators Based on Power Dividers and Rat-Race Hybrids |
| title_fullStr | 2.45 GHz Band Quadrature Microwave Frequency Discriminators with Integrated Correlators Based on Power Dividers and Rat-Race Hybrids |
| title_full_unstemmed | 2.45 GHz Band Quadrature Microwave Frequency Discriminators with Integrated Correlators Based on Power Dividers and Rat-Race Hybrids |
| title_short | 2.45 GHz Band Quadrature Microwave Frequency Discriminators with Integrated Correlators Based on Power Dividers and Rat-Race Hybrids |
| title_sort | 2 45 ghz band quadrature microwave frequency discriminators with integrated correlators based on power dividers and rat race hybrids |
| topic | microwave frequency discriminator microwave phase discriminator microwave correlator rat-race hybrid electronic warfare passive radar |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/10/22/2763 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT adamrutkowski 245ghzbandquadraturemicrowavefrequencydiscriminatorswithintegratedcorrelatorsbasedonpowerdividersandratracehybrids AT hubertstadnik 245ghzbandquadraturemicrowavefrequencydiscriminatorswithintegratedcorrelatorsbasedonpowerdividersandratracehybrids |