Antifreeze Proteins: Novel Applications and Navigation towards Their Clinical Application in Cryobanking
Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or thermal hysteresis (TH) proteins are biomolecular gifts of nature to sustain life in extremely cold environments. This family of peptides, glycopeptides and proteins produced by diverse organisms including bacteria, yeast, insects and fish act by non-colligatively depre...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/5/2639 |
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| author | Marlene Davis Ekpo Jingxian Xie Yuying Hu Xiangjian Liu Fenglin Liu Jia Xiang Rui Zhao Bo Wang Songwen Tan |
| author_facet | Marlene Davis Ekpo Jingxian Xie Yuying Hu Xiangjian Liu Fenglin Liu Jia Xiang Rui Zhao Bo Wang Songwen Tan |
| author_sort | Marlene Davis Ekpo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) or thermal hysteresis (TH) proteins are biomolecular gifts of nature to sustain life in extremely cold environments. This family of peptides, glycopeptides and proteins produced by diverse organisms including bacteria, yeast, insects and fish act by non-colligatively depressing the freezing temperature of the water below its melting point in a process termed thermal hysteresis which is then responsible for ice crystal equilibrium and inhibition of ice recrystallisation; the major cause of cell dehydration, membrane rupture and subsequent cryodamage. Scientists on the other hand have been exploring various substances as cryoprotectants. Some of the cryoprotectants in use include trehalose, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG), sucrose, propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol but their extensive application is limited mostly by toxicity, thus fueling the quest for better cryoprotectants. Hence, extracting or synthesizing antifreeze protein and testing their cryoprotective activity has become a popular topic among researchers. Research concerning AFPs encompasses lots of effort ranging from understanding their sources and mechanism of action, extraction and purification/synthesis to structural elucidation with the aim of achieving better outcomes in cryopreservation. This review explores the potential clinical application of AFPs in the cryopreservation of different cells, tissues and organs. Here, we discuss novel approaches, identify research gaps and propose future research directions in the application of AFPs based on recent studies with the aim of achieving successful clinical and commercial use of AFPs in the future. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:37:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-319ccab9777c4802857417e8fe152104 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:37:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-319ccab9777c4802857417e8fe1521042023-11-23T23:07:17ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-02-01235263910.3390/ijms23052639Antifreeze Proteins: Novel Applications and Navigation towards Their Clinical Application in CryobankingMarlene Davis Ekpo0Jingxian Xie1Yuying Hu2Xiangjian Liu3Fenglin Liu4Jia Xiang5Rui Zhao6Bo Wang7Songwen Tan8Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, ChinaXiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, ChinaXiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, ChinaXiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, ChinaXiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, ChinaXiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, ChinaXiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, ChinaXiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, ChinaXiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, ChinaAntifreeze proteins (AFPs) or thermal hysteresis (TH) proteins are biomolecular gifts of nature to sustain life in extremely cold environments. This family of peptides, glycopeptides and proteins produced by diverse organisms including bacteria, yeast, insects and fish act by non-colligatively depressing the freezing temperature of the water below its melting point in a process termed thermal hysteresis which is then responsible for ice crystal equilibrium and inhibition of ice recrystallisation; the major cause of cell dehydration, membrane rupture and subsequent cryodamage. Scientists on the other hand have been exploring various substances as cryoprotectants. Some of the cryoprotectants in use include trehalose, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG), sucrose, propylene glycol (PG) and glycerol but their extensive application is limited mostly by toxicity, thus fueling the quest for better cryoprotectants. Hence, extracting or synthesizing antifreeze protein and testing their cryoprotective activity has become a popular topic among researchers. Research concerning AFPs encompasses lots of effort ranging from understanding their sources and mechanism of action, extraction and purification/synthesis to structural elucidation with the aim of achieving better outcomes in cryopreservation. This review explores the potential clinical application of AFPs in the cryopreservation of different cells, tissues and organs. Here, we discuss novel approaches, identify research gaps and propose future research directions in the application of AFPs based on recent studies with the aim of achieving successful clinical and commercial use of AFPs in the future.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/5/2639cryopreservationantifreeze proteins (AFPs)antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs)cryoprotectantsice recrystallisation (IR)thermal hysteresis (TH) |
| spellingShingle | Marlene Davis Ekpo Jingxian Xie Yuying Hu Xiangjian Liu Fenglin Liu Jia Xiang Rui Zhao Bo Wang Songwen Tan Antifreeze Proteins: Novel Applications and Navigation towards Their Clinical Application in Cryobanking International Journal of Molecular Sciences cryopreservation antifreeze proteins (AFPs) antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) cryoprotectants ice recrystallisation (IR) thermal hysteresis (TH) |
| title | Antifreeze Proteins: Novel Applications and Navigation towards Their Clinical Application in Cryobanking |
| title_full | Antifreeze Proteins: Novel Applications and Navigation towards Their Clinical Application in Cryobanking |
| title_fullStr | Antifreeze Proteins: Novel Applications and Navigation towards Their Clinical Application in Cryobanking |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antifreeze Proteins: Novel Applications and Navigation towards Their Clinical Application in Cryobanking |
| title_short | Antifreeze Proteins: Novel Applications and Navigation towards Their Clinical Application in Cryobanking |
| title_sort | antifreeze proteins novel applications and navigation towards their clinical application in cryobanking |
| topic | cryopreservation antifreeze proteins (AFPs) antifreeze glycoproteins (AFGPs) cryoprotectants ice recrystallisation (IR) thermal hysteresis (TH) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/5/2639 |
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