Improving Nutritive Value of Purple Field Corn Residue and Rice Straw by Culturing with White-Rot Fungi
It was hypothesized that white-rot fungus fermented with rice straw and purple field corn improves nutrient utilization via enhanced digestibility and lowers methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) production due to the effects of the lovastatin compound. The aim of the current experiment was to invest...
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/2/69 |
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| author | Benjamad Khonkhaeng Anusorn Cherdthong |
| author_facet | Benjamad Khonkhaeng Anusorn Cherdthong |
| author_sort | Benjamad Khonkhaeng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | It was hypothesized that white-rot fungus fermented with rice straw and purple field corn improves nutrient utilization via enhanced digestibility and lowers methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) production due to the effects of the lovastatin compound. The aim of the current experiment was to investigate the effect of inoculation of two fungi belonging to white-rot fungus type on feed value and ruminal fermentation characteristic. The experiment was carried out according to a completely randomized 3 × 3 factorial design: three roughage sources (rice straw, purple corn stover, and purple corn field cob) for three inoculation methods (untreated, <i>P. ostreatus</i> treated, and <i>V. volvacea</i> treated). The two fungi increased concentration of lovastatin when compared to the untreated, and <i>P. ostreatus</i> had higher lovastatin production potential than <i>V. volvacea</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The yield of lovastatin was obtained from rice straw fermentation with <i>P. ostreatus</i>. The monomeric anthocyanin content (MAC) in untreated purple field corn cobs was higher than in the fermentation groups. Ruminal fermentation gas production from soluble fractions ranged from −2.47 to 1.14 and differed among the treatments (<i>p</i> < 0.01). In comparison to all treatments, the gas production rate for the insoluble fraction was significantly highest (<i>p</i> < 0.01) in treatment alone, in which purple field corn stover was fermented with <i>P. ostreatus</i> and <i>V. volvacea</i>. There was significant interaction in in vitro dry matter digestibility at 12 h of incubation. Purple field corn cob had a higher significant effect on in vitro DM digestibility at 12 and 24 h after incubation when compared to that of other groups. Moreover, current research has found that roughage fermented with <i>P. ostreatus</i> and <i>V. volvacea</i> increased in vitro DM digestibility at 24 h after incubation. Fermenting roughage with fungi did not affect rumen pH, which ranged from 6.60 to 6.91 (<i>p</i> > 0.05), while <i>P. ostreatus</i> resulted in increased levels of ruminal ammonia-nitrogen concentrations. Propionic acid increased in all roughages fermented with <i>P. ostreatus</i> or <i>V. volvacea</i> after 8 h of ruminal fermentation testing. The two fungi fermented as substrate treatments had significantly lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) CH<sub>4</sub> production. Based on the improved rumen DM digestibility and reduced CH<sub>4</sub> production, <i>P. ostreatus</i> and <i>V. volvacea</i> could be utilized for enhancing feeding efficiency of roughage. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-31a55e7f25de45dd9c35d3a99a5259f52023-11-20T01:14:11ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2020-05-01626910.3390/jof6020069Improving Nutritive Value of Purple Field Corn Residue and Rice Straw by Culturing with White-Rot FungiBenjamad Khonkhaeng0Anusorn Cherdthong1Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandTropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandIt was hypothesized that white-rot fungus fermented with rice straw and purple field corn improves nutrient utilization via enhanced digestibility and lowers methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) production due to the effects of the lovastatin compound. The aim of the current experiment was to investigate the effect of inoculation of two fungi belonging to white-rot fungus type on feed value and ruminal fermentation characteristic. The experiment was carried out according to a completely randomized 3 × 3 factorial design: three roughage sources (rice straw, purple corn stover, and purple corn field cob) for three inoculation methods (untreated, <i>P. ostreatus</i> treated, and <i>V. volvacea</i> treated). The two fungi increased concentration of lovastatin when compared to the untreated, and <i>P. ostreatus</i> had higher lovastatin production potential than <i>V. volvacea</i> (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The yield of lovastatin was obtained from rice straw fermentation with <i>P. ostreatus</i>. The monomeric anthocyanin content (MAC) in untreated purple field corn cobs was higher than in the fermentation groups. Ruminal fermentation gas production from soluble fractions ranged from −2.47 to 1.14 and differed among the treatments (<i>p</i> < 0.01). In comparison to all treatments, the gas production rate for the insoluble fraction was significantly highest (<i>p</i> < 0.01) in treatment alone, in which purple field corn stover was fermented with <i>P. ostreatus</i> and <i>V. volvacea</i>. There was significant interaction in in vitro dry matter digestibility at 12 h of incubation. Purple field corn cob had a higher significant effect on in vitro DM digestibility at 12 and 24 h after incubation when compared to that of other groups. Moreover, current research has found that roughage fermented with <i>P. ostreatus</i> and <i>V. volvacea</i> increased in vitro DM digestibility at 24 h after incubation. Fermenting roughage with fungi did not affect rumen pH, which ranged from 6.60 to 6.91 (<i>p</i> > 0.05), while <i>P. ostreatus</i> resulted in increased levels of ruminal ammonia-nitrogen concentrations. Propionic acid increased in all roughages fermented with <i>P. ostreatus</i> or <i>V. volvacea</i> after 8 h of ruminal fermentation testing. The two fungi fermented as substrate treatments had significantly lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) CH<sub>4</sub> production. Based on the improved rumen DM digestibility and reduced CH<sub>4</sub> production, <i>P. ostreatus</i> and <i>V. volvacea</i> could be utilized for enhancing feeding efficiency of roughage.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/2/69anthocyanin<i>Pleurotus osteratus</i><i>Volvariella volvacea</i>lovastatinbiological treatment |
| spellingShingle | Benjamad Khonkhaeng Anusorn Cherdthong Improving Nutritive Value of Purple Field Corn Residue and Rice Straw by Culturing with White-Rot Fungi Journal of Fungi anthocyanin <i>Pleurotus osteratus</i> <i>Volvariella volvacea</i> lovastatin biological treatment |
| title | Improving Nutritive Value of Purple Field Corn Residue and Rice Straw by Culturing with White-Rot Fungi |
| title_full | Improving Nutritive Value of Purple Field Corn Residue and Rice Straw by Culturing with White-Rot Fungi |
| title_fullStr | Improving Nutritive Value of Purple Field Corn Residue and Rice Straw by Culturing with White-Rot Fungi |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improving Nutritive Value of Purple Field Corn Residue and Rice Straw by Culturing with White-Rot Fungi |
| title_short | Improving Nutritive Value of Purple Field Corn Residue and Rice Straw by Culturing with White-Rot Fungi |
| title_sort | improving nutritive value of purple field corn residue and rice straw by culturing with white rot fungi |
| topic | anthocyanin <i>Pleurotus osteratus</i> <i>Volvariella volvacea</i> lovastatin biological treatment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/2/69 |
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