White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei That Have Received Gracilaria tenuistipitata Extract Show Early Recovery of Immune Parameters after Ammonia Stressing
White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei immersed in seawater (35‰) containing Gracilaria tenuistipitata extract (GTE) at 0 (control), 400, and 600 mg/L for 3 h were exposed to 5 mg/L ammonia-N (ammonia as nitrogen), and immune parameters including hyaline cells (HCs), granular cells (GCs, including semi-g...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2015-06-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/13/6/3606 |
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| author | Yu-Yuan Chen Jiann-Chu Chen Yong-Chin Lin Su-Tuen Yeh Chien-Lun Huang |
| author_facet | Yu-Yuan Chen Jiann-Chu Chen Yong-Chin Lin Su-Tuen Yeh Chien-Lun Huang |
| author_sort | Yu-Yuan Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei immersed in seawater (35‰) containing Gracilaria tenuistipitata extract (GTE) at 0 (control), 400, and 600 mg/L for 3 h were exposed to 5 mg/L ammonia-N (ammonia as nitrogen), and immune parameters including hyaline cells (HCs), granular cells (GCs, including semi-granular cells), total hemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory bursts (RBs), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, lysozyme activity, and hemolymph protein level were examined 24~120 h post-stress. The immune parameters of shrimp immersed in 600 mg/L GTE returned to original values earlier, at 96~120 h post-stress, whereas in control shrimp they did not. In another experiment, shrimp were immersed in seawater containing GTE at 0 and 600 mg/L for 3 h and examined for transcript levels of immune-related genes at 24 h post-stress. Transcript levels of lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan binding protein (LGBP), peroxinectin (PX), cytMnSOD, mtMnSOD, and HSP70 were up-regulated at 24 h post-stress in GTE receiving shrimp. We concluded that white shrimp immersed in seawater containing GTE exhibited a capability for maintaining homeostasis by regulating cellular and humoral immunity against ammonia stress as evidenced by up-regulated gene expression and earlier recovery of immune parameters. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:09:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-31aaa7d7b9c048a2a3dc225e6f8a9b1e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:09:00Z |
| publishDate | 2015-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-31aaa7d7b9c048a2a3dc225e6f8a9b1e2022-12-22T04:19:48ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972015-06-011363606362410.3390/md13063606md13063606White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei That Have Received Gracilaria tenuistipitata Extract Show Early Recovery of Immune Parameters after Ammonia StressingYu-Yuan Chen0Jiann-Chu Chen1Yong-Chin Lin2Su-Tuen Yeh3Chien-Lun Huang4Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, TaiwanDepartment of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, TaiwanDepartment of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, TaiwanDepartment of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, TaiwanDepartment of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, TaiwanWhite shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei immersed in seawater (35‰) containing Gracilaria tenuistipitata extract (GTE) at 0 (control), 400, and 600 mg/L for 3 h were exposed to 5 mg/L ammonia-N (ammonia as nitrogen), and immune parameters including hyaline cells (HCs), granular cells (GCs, including semi-granular cells), total hemocyte count (THC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory bursts (RBs), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, lysozyme activity, and hemolymph protein level were examined 24~120 h post-stress. The immune parameters of shrimp immersed in 600 mg/L GTE returned to original values earlier, at 96~120 h post-stress, whereas in control shrimp they did not. In another experiment, shrimp were immersed in seawater containing GTE at 0 and 600 mg/L for 3 h and examined for transcript levels of immune-related genes at 24 h post-stress. Transcript levels of lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan binding protein (LGBP), peroxinectin (PX), cytMnSOD, mtMnSOD, and HSP70 were up-regulated at 24 h post-stress in GTE receiving shrimp. We concluded that white shrimp immersed in seawater containing GTE exhibited a capability for maintaining homeostasis by regulating cellular and humoral immunity against ammonia stress as evidenced by up-regulated gene expression and earlier recovery of immune parameters.http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/13/6/3606Litopenaeus vannameiGracilaria tenuistipitata extractammonia stressimmune parametersgene expressions |
| spellingShingle | Yu-Yuan Chen Jiann-Chu Chen Yong-Chin Lin Su-Tuen Yeh Chien-Lun Huang White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei That Have Received Gracilaria tenuistipitata Extract Show Early Recovery of Immune Parameters after Ammonia Stressing Marine Drugs Litopenaeus vannamei Gracilaria tenuistipitata extract ammonia stress immune parameters gene expressions |
| title | White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei That Have Received Gracilaria tenuistipitata Extract Show Early Recovery of Immune Parameters after Ammonia Stressing |
| title_full | White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei That Have Received Gracilaria tenuistipitata Extract Show Early Recovery of Immune Parameters after Ammonia Stressing |
| title_fullStr | White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei That Have Received Gracilaria tenuistipitata Extract Show Early Recovery of Immune Parameters after Ammonia Stressing |
| title_full_unstemmed | White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei That Have Received Gracilaria tenuistipitata Extract Show Early Recovery of Immune Parameters after Ammonia Stressing |
| title_short | White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei That Have Received Gracilaria tenuistipitata Extract Show Early Recovery of Immune Parameters after Ammonia Stressing |
| title_sort | white shrimp litopenaeus vannamei that have received gracilaria tenuistipitata extract show early recovery of immune parameters after ammonia stressing |
| topic | Litopenaeus vannamei Gracilaria tenuistipitata extract ammonia stress immune parameters gene expressions |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/13/6/3606 |
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