H-Type Hypertension among Black South Africans and the Relationship between Homocysteine, Its Genetic Determinants and Estimates of Vascular Function
Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Our objective was to emphasize Hcy’s contribution in hypertension and CVD management by determining H-type hypertension (hypertension with Hcy ≥ 10 µmol/L) and associations between Hcy, blood pressure (BP) and estimates of vasc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/9/12/447 |
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| author | Jacomina P. du Plessis Leandi Lammertyn Aletta E. Schutte Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau |
| author_facet | Jacomina P. du Plessis Leandi Lammertyn Aletta E. Schutte Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau |
| author_sort | Jacomina P. du Plessis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Elevated homocysteine (Hcy) increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Our objective was to emphasize Hcy’s contribution in hypertension and CVD management by determining H-type hypertension (hypertension with Hcy ≥ 10 µmol/L) and associations between Hcy, blood pressure (BP) and estimates of vascular function among Black South Africans. We included 1995 adults (63% female). Plasma Hcy and cardiovascular measures (systolic and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP), pulse pressure, heart rate (HR), carotid-radialis pulse wave velocity (cr-PWV), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) were quantified. Five Hcy-related polymorphisms (<i>cystathionine β-synthase</i> (<i>CBS</i> 844ins68, T833C, G9276A); <i>methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase</i> (<i>MTHFR</i> C677T) and <i>methionine synthase</i> (<i>MTR</i> A2756G)) were genotyped. Hcy was >10 µmol/L in 41% (<i>n</i> = 762), and of the 47% (<i>n</i> = 951) hypertensives, 45% (<i>n</i> = 425) presented with H-type. Hcy was higher in hypertensives vs. normotensives (9.86 vs. 8.78 µmol/L, <i>p</i> < 0.0001, effect size 0.56) and correlated positively with SBP, DBP, cr-PWV and ICAM-1 (<i>r</i> > 0.19, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Over Hcy quartiles, SBP, DBP, HR, cr-PWV and ICAM-1 increased progressively (all <i>p</i>-trends ≤ 0.001). In multiple regression models, Hcy contributed to the variance of SBP, DBP, HR, cr-PWV and ICAM-1. H-type hypertensives also had the lowest <i>MTHFR</i> 677 CC frequency (<i>p</i> = 0.03). Hcy is positively and independently associated with markers of vascular function and raised BP. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:16:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-31b97c2d0adf466ab7e048907b7b6046 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2308-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:16:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease |
| spelling | doaj.art-31b97c2d0adf466ab7e048907b7b60462023-11-24T15:41:58ZengMDPI AGJournal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease2308-34252022-12-0191244710.3390/jcdd9120447H-Type Hypertension among Black South Africans and the Relationship between Homocysteine, Its Genetic Determinants and Estimates of Vascular FunctionJacomina P. du Plessis0Leandi Lammertyn1Aletta E. Schutte2Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau3Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South AfricaHypertension in Africa Research Team, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South AfricaHypertension in Africa Research Team, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South AfricaCentre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South AfricaElevated homocysteine (Hcy) increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Our objective was to emphasize Hcy’s contribution in hypertension and CVD management by determining H-type hypertension (hypertension with Hcy ≥ 10 µmol/L) and associations between Hcy, blood pressure (BP) and estimates of vascular function among Black South Africans. We included 1995 adults (63% female). Plasma Hcy and cardiovascular measures (systolic and diastolic BP (SBP, DBP), pulse pressure, heart rate (HR), carotid-radialis pulse wave velocity (cr-PWV), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) were quantified. Five Hcy-related polymorphisms (<i>cystathionine β-synthase</i> (<i>CBS</i> 844ins68, T833C, G9276A); <i>methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase</i> (<i>MTHFR</i> C677T) and <i>methionine synthase</i> (<i>MTR</i> A2756G)) were genotyped. Hcy was >10 µmol/L in 41% (<i>n</i> = 762), and of the 47% (<i>n</i> = 951) hypertensives, 45% (<i>n</i> = 425) presented with H-type. Hcy was higher in hypertensives vs. normotensives (9.86 vs. 8.78 µmol/L, <i>p</i> < 0.0001, effect size 0.56) and correlated positively with SBP, DBP, cr-PWV and ICAM-1 (<i>r</i> > 0.19, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Over Hcy quartiles, SBP, DBP, HR, cr-PWV and ICAM-1 increased progressively (all <i>p</i>-trends ≤ 0.001). In multiple regression models, Hcy contributed to the variance of SBP, DBP, HR, cr-PWV and ICAM-1. H-type hypertensives also had the lowest <i>MTHFR</i> 677 CC frequency (<i>p</i> = 0.03). Hcy is positively and independently associated with markers of vascular function and raised BP.https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/9/12/447blood pressure managementendothelial functionendothelial structureH-type hypertensionhyperhomocysteinemia<i>MTHFR</i> C677T |
| spellingShingle | Jacomina P. du Plessis Leandi Lammertyn Aletta E. Schutte Cornelie Nienaber-Rousseau H-Type Hypertension among Black South Africans and the Relationship between Homocysteine, Its Genetic Determinants and Estimates of Vascular Function Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease blood pressure management endothelial function endothelial structure H-type hypertension hyperhomocysteinemia <i>MTHFR</i> C677T |
| title | H-Type Hypertension among Black South Africans and the Relationship between Homocysteine, Its Genetic Determinants and Estimates of Vascular Function |
| title_full | H-Type Hypertension among Black South Africans and the Relationship between Homocysteine, Its Genetic Determinants and Estimates of Vascular Function |
| title_fullStr | H-Type Hypertension among Black South Africans and the Relationship between Homocysteine, Its Genetic Determinants and Estimates of Vascular Function |
| title_full_unstemmed | H-Type Hypertension among Black South Africans and the Relationship between Homocysteine, Its Genetic Determinants and Estimates of Vascular Function |
| title_short | H-Type Hypertension among Black South Africans and the Relationship between Homocysteine, Its Genetic Determinants and Estimates of Vascular Function |
| title_sort | h type hypertension among black south africans and the relationship between homocysteine its genetic determinants and estimates of vascular function |
| topic | blood pressure management endothelial function endothelial structure H-type hypertension hyperhomocysteinemia <i>MTHFR</i> C677T |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2308-3425/9/12/447 |
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