Ex-TFRs: A Missing Piece of the SLE Puzzle?
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multi-organ autoimmune disease involving the production of a wide range of autoantibodies and complement activation. The production of these high-affinity autoantibodies requires T cell/B cell collaboration as well as germinal center (GC) formation. T...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.662305/full |
| _version_ | 1818417269616672768 |
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| author | Xundong Wei Xundong Wei Jianhua Zhang Jianhua Zhang Xuyu Zhou Xuyu Zhou |
| author_facet | Xundong Wei Xundong Wei Jianhua Zhang Jianhua Zhang Xuyu Zhou Xuyu Zhou |
| author_sort | Xundong Wei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multi-organ autoimmune disease involving the production of a wide range of autoantibodies and complement activation. The production of these high-affinity autoantibodies requires T cell/B cell collaboration as well as germinal center (GC) formation. T follicular regulatory cells (TFRs) are functional specialized T regulatory cells (Tregs) that safeguard against both self-reactive T and B cells. However, recent evidence suggests that TFRs are not always stable and can lose Foxp3 expression to become pathogenic “ex-TFRs” that gain potent effector functions. In this review, we summarize the literature on intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of regulation of TFR stability and discuss the potential role of TFR reprogramming in autoantibody production and SLE pathogenesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T12:04:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-31bdc216229f45529b03850135283eff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T12:04:06Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-31bdc216229f45529b03850135283eff2022-12-21T23:01:55ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242021-04-011210.3389/fimmu.2021.662305662305Ex-TFRs: A Missing Piece of the SLE Puzzle?Xundong Wei0Xundong Wei1Jianhua Zhang2Jianhua Zhang3Xuyu Zhou4Xuyu Zhou5Center of Biotherapy, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, ChinaSavaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaSavaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, ChinaSavaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, ChinaSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multi-organ autoimmune disease involving the production of a wide range of autoantibodies and complement activation. The production of these high-affinity autoantibodies requires T cell/B cell collaboration as well as germinal center (GC) formation. T follicular regulatory cells (TFRs) are functional specialized T regulatory cells (Tregs) that safeguard against both self-reactive T and B cells. However, recent evidence suggests that TFRs are not always stable and can lose Foxp3 expression to become pathogenic “ex-TFRs” that gain potent effector functions. In this review, we summarize the literature on intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of regulation of TFR stability and discuss the potential role of TFR reprogramming in autoantibody production and SLE pathogenesis.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.662305/fullsystemic lupus erythematosusT regulatory cellex-TFRsFoxp3stabilityautoantibodies |
| spellingShingle | Xundong Wei Xundong Wei Jianhua Zhang Jianhua Zhang Xuyu Zhou Xuyu Zhou Ex-TFRs: A Missing Piece of the SLE Puzzle? Frontiers in Immunology systemic lupus erythematosus T regulatory cell ex-TFRs Foxp3 stability autoantibodies |
| title | Ex-TFRs: A Missing Piece of the SLE Puzzle? |
| title_full | Ex-TFRs: A Missing Piece of the SLE Puzzle? |
| title_fullStr | Ex-TFRs: A Missing Piece of the SLE Puzzle? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ex-TFRs: A Missing Piece of the SLE Puzzle? |
| title_short | Ex-TFRs: A Missing Piece of the SLE Puzzle? |
| title_sort | ex tfrs a missing piece of the sle puzzle |
| topic | systemic lupus erythematosus T regulatory cell ex-TFRs Foxp3 stability autoantibodies |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.662305/full |
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