Altitude impact on the chemical profile and biological activities of Satureja thymbra L. essential oil
Abstract Background Several agricultural or environmental factors affect plants’ chemical and pharmacological properties. Methods In this study, the essential oil of Libyan Satureja thymbra was isolated from plants collected during two successive years at two different altitudes; Wasita (WEO) and Sa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2020-06-01
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| Series: | BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12906-020-02982-9 |
| _version_ | 1819020446446649344 |
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| author | Noha Khalil Lamya El-Jalel Miriam Yousif Mariam Gonaid |
| author_facet | Noha Khalil Lamya El-Jalel Miriam Yousif Mariam Gonaid |
| author_sort | Noha Khalil |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Several agricultural or environmental factors affect plants’ chemical and pharmacological properties. Methods In this study, the essential oil of Libyan Satureja thymbra was isolated from plants collected during two successive years at two different altitudes; Wasita (WEO) and Safsaf (SEO), 156 and 661 m above sea level, respectively. Results GC/MS allowed the identification of 21 and 23 compounds, respectively. Thymol prevailed in WEO (26.69%), while carvacrol prevailed in SEO (14.30%). Antimicrobial activity was tested by agar-well diffusion method, and MIC/MLC values were determined by broth dilution method. Values of MIC/MLC were 0.125/0.25 μg/ml for SEO against S. aureus, P. mirabilis and K. pneumonia and for WEO against B. subtilus. It was observed that plants growing at lower altitude in Wasita locality had better antifungal activity, while those growing at higher altitude at Safsaf locality had better antibacterial activity. Both essential oils had a better anthelmintic activity than the standard piperazine citrate against a tested earthworm. However, SEO oil had a significantly higher anthelmintic activity than WEO. Cytotoxicity of the oils tested using SRB assay on human breast cancer (MCF-7) and colon cancer cell lines (HCT-116) showed better activity for SEO, especially against HCT-116 with IC50 2.45 ± 0.21 μg/ml. Conclusions Thus, altitude is an important factor that should be considered as it affected the yield, composition and biology of the plant extracts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T03:51:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-31d1b2cafb184096b8a9fd216256fd5a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2662-7671 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T03:51:20Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies |
| spelling | doaj.art-31d1b2cafb184096b8a9fd216256fd5a2022-12-21T19:16:57ZengBMCBMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies2662-76712020-06-0120111110.1186/s12906-020-02982-9Altitude impact on the chemical profile and biological activities of Satureja thymbra L. essential oilNoha Khalil0Lamya El-Jalel1Miriam Yousif2Mariam Gonaid3Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in EgyptFaculty of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Omar Al-Moukhtar UniversityFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in EgyptFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University in EgyptAbstract Background Several agricultural or environmental factors affect plants’ chemical and pharmacological properties. Methods In this study, the essential oil of Libyan Satureja thymbra was isolated from plants collected during two successive years at two different altitudes; Wasita (WEO) and Safsaf (SEO), 156 and 661 m above sea level, respectively. Results GC/MS allowed the identification of 21 and 23 compounds, respectively. Thymol prevailed in WEO (26.69%), while carvacrol prevailed in SEO (14.30%). Antimicrobial activity was tested by agar-well diffusion method, and MIC/MLC values were determined by broth dilution method. Values of MIC/MLC were 0.125/0.25 μg/ml for SEO against S. aureus, P. mirabilis and K. pneumonia and for WEO against B. subtilus. It was observed that plants growing at lower altitude in Wasita locality had better antifungal activity, while those growing at higher altitude at Safsaf locality had better antibacterial activity. Both essential oils had a better anthelmintic activity than the standard piperazine citrate against a tested earthworm. However, SEO oil had a significantly higher anthelmintic activity than WEO. Cytotoxicity of the oils tested using SRB assay on human breast cancer (MCF-7) and colon cancer cell lines (HCT-116) showed better activity for SEO, especially against HCT-116 with IC50 2.45 ± 0.21 μg/ml. Conclusions Thus, altitude is an important factor that should be considered as it affected the yield, composition and biology of the plant extracts.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12906-020-02982-9AltitudeAnthelminticAntimicrobialCytotoxicEssential oilSatureja |
| spellingShingle | Noha Khalil Lamya El-Jalel Miriam Yousif Mariam Gonaid Altitude impact on the chemical profile and biological activities of Satureja thymbra L. essential oil BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies Altitude Anthelmintic Antimicrobial Cytotoxic Essential oil Satureja |
| title | Altitude impact on the chemical profile and biological activities of Satureja thymbra L. essential oil |
| title_full | Altitude impact on the chemical profile and biological activities of Satureja thymbra L. essential oil |
| title_fullStr | Altitude impact on the chemical profile and biological activities of Satureja thymbra L. essential oil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Altitude impact on the chemical profile and biological activities of Satureja thymbra L. essential oil |
| title_short | Altitude impact on the chemical profile and biological activities of Satureja thymbra L. essential oil |
| title_sort | altitude impact on the chemical profile and biological activities of satureja thymbra l essential oil |
| topic | Altitude Anthelmintic Antimicrobial Cytotoxic Essential oil Satureja |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12906-020-02982-9 |
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