Targeting the Ubiquitin Signaling Cascade in Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy
Tumor microenvironments are composed of a myriad of elements, both cellular (immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, etc.) and non-cellular (extracellular matrix, cytokines, growth factors, etc.), which collectively provide a permissive environment enabling tumor progres...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/791 |
| _version_ | 1797411547009515520 |
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| author | Qi Liu Bayonle Aminu Olivia Roscow Wei Zhang |
| author_facet | Qi Liu Bayonle Aminu Olivia Roscow Wei Zhang |
| author_sort | Qi Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tumor microenvironments are composed of a myriad of elements, both cellular (immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, etc.) and non-cellular (extracellular matrix, cytokines, growth factors, etc.), which collectively provide a permissive environment enabling tumor progression. In this review, we focused on the regulation of tumor microenvironment through ubiquitination. Ubiquitination is a reversible protein post-translational modification that regulates various key biological processes, whereby ubiquitin is attached to substrates through a catalytic cascade coordinated by multiple enzymes, including E1 ubiquitin-activating enzymes, E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and E3 ubiquitin ligases. In contrast, ubiquitin can be removed by deubiquitinases in the process of deubiquitination. Here, we discuss the roles of E3 ligases and deubiquitinases as modulators of both cellular and non-cellular components in tumor microenvironment, providing potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. Finally, we introduced several emerging technologies that can be utilized to develop effective therapeutic agents for targeting tumor microenvironment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:47:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-31db7e3e330e4e5e8b9d5b2934ea2ba7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:47:41Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-31db7e3e330e4e5e8b9d5b2934ea2ba72023-12-03T13:13:38ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-01-0122279110.3390/ijms22020791Targeting the Ubiquitin Signaling Cascade in Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer TherapyQi Liu0Bayonle Aminu1Olivia Roscow2Wei Zhang3Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, CanadaDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, CanadaDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, CanadaDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G2W1, CanadaTumor microenvironments are composed of a myriad of elements, both cellular (immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, etc.) and non-cellular (extracellular matrix, cytokines, growth factors, etc.), which collectively provide a permissive environment enabling tumor progression. In this review, we focused on the regulation of tumor microenvironment through ubiquitination. Ubiquitination is a reversible protein post-translational modification that regulates various key biological processes, whereby ubiquitin is attached to substrates through a catalytic cascade coordinated by multiple enzymes, including E1 ubiquitin-activating enzymes, E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes and E3 ubiquitin ligases. In contrast, ubiquitin can be removed by deubiquitinases in the process of deubiquitination. Here, we discuss the roles of E3 ligases and deubiquitinases as modulators of both cellular and non-cellular components in tumor microenvironment, providing potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. Finally, we introduced several emerging technologies that can be utilized to develop effective therapeutic agents for targeting tumor microenvironment.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/791tumor microenvironmentubiquitinationE3 ligasedeubiquitinaseimmune cellscancer-associated fibroblasts |
| spellingShingle | Qi Liu Bayonle Aminu Olivia Roscow Wei Zhang Targeting the Ubiquitin Signaling Cascade in Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy International Journal of Molecular Sciences tumor microenvironment ubiquitination E3 ligase deubiquitinase immune cells cancer-associated fibroblasts |
| title | Targeting the Ubiquitin Signaling Cascade in Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy |
| title_full | Targeting the Ubiquitin Signaling Cascade in Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy |
| title_fullStr | Targeting the Ubiquitin Signaling Cascade in Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Targeting the Ubiquitin Signaling Cascade in Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy |
| title_short | Targeting the Ubiquitin Signaling Cascade in Tumor Microenvironment for Cancer Therapy |
| title_sort | targeting the ubiquitin signaling cascade in tumor microenvironment for cancer therapy |
| topic | tumor microenvironment ubiquitination E3 ligase deubiquitinase immune cells cancer-associated fibroblasts |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/2/791 |
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