Engineering of Optimized Hydrogel Formulations for Cartilage Repair
The ideal scaffold for cartilage regeneration is expected to provide adequate mechanical strength, controlled degradability, adhesion, and integration with the surrounding native tissue. As it does this, it mimics natural ECMs functions, which allow for nutrient diffusion and promote cell survival a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-05-01
|
| Series: | Polymers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/9/1526 |
| _version_ | 1797534785117093888 |
|---|---|
| author | Yao Fu Bram Zoetebier Sanne Both Pieter J. Dijkstra Marcel Karperien |
| author_facet | Yao Fu Bram Zoetebier Sanne Both Pieter J. Dijkstra Marcel Karperien |
| author_sort | Yao Fu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The ideal scaffold for cartilage regeneration is expected to provide adequate mechanical strength, controlled degradability, adhesion, and integration with the surrounding native tissue. As it does this, it mimics natural ECMs functions, which allow for nutrient diffusion and promote cell survival and differentiation. Injectable hydrogels based on tyramine (TA)-functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA) and dextran (Dex) are a promising approach for cartilage regeneration. The properties of the hydrogels used in this study were adjusted by varying polymer concentrations and ratios. To investigate the changes in properties and their effects on cellular behavior and cartilage matrix formation, different ratios of HA- and dextran-based hybrid hydrogels at both 5 and 10% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> were prepared using a designed mold to control generation. The results indicated that the incorporation of chondrocytes in the hydrogels decreased their mechanical properties. However, rheological and compression analysis indicated that 5% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> hydrogels laden with cells exhibit a significant increase in mechanical properties after 21 days when the constructs are cultured in a chondrogenic differentiation medium. Moreover, compared to the 10% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> hydrogels, the 5% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> hybrid hydrogels increased the deposition of the cartilage matrix, especially in constructs with a higher Dex–TA content. These results indicated that 5% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> hybrid hydrogels with 25% HA–TA and 75% Dex–TA have a high potential as injectable scaffolds for cartilage tissue regeneration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:34:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-31ec863c5c644f9aa8437c204ab1c3d1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:34:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-31ec863c5c644f9aa8437c204ab1c3d12023-11-21T18:56:56ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-05-01139152610.3390/polym13091526Engineering of Optimized Hydrogel Formulations for Cartilage RepairYao Fu0Bram Zoetebier1Sanne Both2Pieter J. Dijkstra3Marcel Karperien4Developmental BioEngineering, TechMed Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The NetherlandsDevelopmental BioEngineering, TechMed Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The NetherlandsDevelopmental BioEngineering, TechMed Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The NetherlandsDevelopmental BioEngineering, TechMed Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The NetherlandsDevelopmental BioEngineering, TechMed Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The NetherlandsThe ideal scaffold for cartilage regeneration is expected to provide adequate mechanical strength, controlled degradability, adhesion, and integration with the surrounding native tissue. As it does this, it mimics natural ECMs functions, which allow for nutrient diffusion and promote cell survival and differentiation. Injectable hydrogels based on tyramine (TA)-functionalized hyaluronic acid (HA) and dextran (Dex) are a promising approach for cartilage regeneration. The properties of the hydrogels used in this study were adjusted by varying polymer concentrations and ratios. To investigate the changes in properties and their effects on cellular behavior and cartilage matrix formation, different ratios of HA- and dextran-based hybrid hydrogels at both 5 and 10% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> were prepared using a designed mold to control generation. The results indicated that the incorporation of chondrocytes in the hydrogels decreased their mechanical properties. However, rheological and compression analysis indicated that 5% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> hydrogels laden with cells exhibit a significant increase in mechanical properties after 21 days when the constructs are cultured in a chondrogenic differentiation medium. Moreover, compared to the 10% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> hydrogels, the 5% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> hybrid hydrogels increased the deposition of the cartilage matrix, especially in constructs with a higher Dex–TA content. These results indicated that 5% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> hybrid hydrogels with 25% HA–TA and 75% Dex–TA have a high potential as injectable scaffolds for cartilage tissue regeneration.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/9/1526hydrogel scaffoldscartilage regenerationmechanical propertiesstem cellsmatrix formation |
| spellingShingle | Yao Fu Bram Zoetebier Sanne Both Pieter J. Dijkstra Marcel Karperien Engineering of Optimized Hydrogel Formulations for Cartilage Repair Polymers hydrogel scaffolds cartilage regeneration mechanical properties stem cells matrix formation |
| title | Engineering of Optimized Hydrogel Formulations for Cartilage Repair |
| title_full | Engineering of Optimized Hydrogel Formulations for Cartilage Repair |
| title_fullStr | Engineering of Optimized Hydrogel Formulations for Cartilage Repair |
| title_full_unstemmed | Engineering of Optimized Hydrogel Formulations for Cartilage Repair |
| title_short | Engineering of Optimized Hydrogel Formulations for Cartilage Repair |
| title_sort | engineering of optimized hydrogel formulations for cartilage repair |
| topic | hydrogel scaffolds cartilage regeneration mechanical properties stem cells matrix formation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/9/1526 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yaofu engineeringofoptimizedhydrogelformulationsforcartilagerepair AT bramzoetebier engineeringofoptimizedhydrogelformulationsforcartilagerepair AT sanneboth engineeringofoptimizedhydrogelformulationsforcartilagerepair AT pieterjdijkstra engineeringofoptimizedhydrogelformulationsforcartilagerepair AT marcelkarperien engineeringofoptimizedhydrogelformulationsforcartilagerepair |