Sex Differences in the Feasibility of Aerobic Exercise Training for Improving Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes
Females with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a 25–50% greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared with males. While aerobic exercise training is effective for improving cardiometabolic health outcomes, there is limited sex-segregated evidence on the feasibility of aerobic training in adult...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/4/1255 |
| _version_ | 1797620251207139328 |
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| author | Sian Alice O’Gorman Clint Thomas Miller Jonathan Charles Rawstorn Angelo Sabag Rachelle Noelle Sultana Sean Michael Lanting Shelley Elizabeth Keating Nathan Anthony Johnson Kimberley Larisa Way |
| author_facet | Sian Alice O’Gorman Clint Thomas Miller Jonathan Charles Rawstorn Angelo Sabag Rachelle Noelle Sultana Sean Michael Lanting Shelley Elizabeth Keating Nathan Anthony Johnson Kimberley Larisa Way |
| author_sort | Sian Alice O’Gorman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Females with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a 25–50% greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared with males. While aerobic exercise training is effective for improving cardiometabolic health outcomes, there is limited sex-segregated evidence on the feasibility of aerobic training in adults with T2D. A secondary analysis of a 12-week randomized controlled trial examining aerobic training in inactive adults with T2D was conducted. Feasibility outcomes were recruitment, retention, treatment fidelity, and safety. Sex differences and intervention effects were assessed using two-way analyses of variances. Thirty-five participants (14 females) were recruited. The recruitment rate was significantly lower among females (9% versus 18%; <i>p</i> = 0.022). Females in the intervention were less adherent (50% versus 93%; <i>p</i> = 0.016), and experienced minor adverse events more frequently (0.08% versus 0.03%; <i>p</i> = 0.003). Aerobically trained females experienced clinically meaningful reductions in pulse wave velocity (−1.25 m/s, 95%CI [−2.54, 0.04]; <i>p</i> = 0.648), and significantly greater reductions in brachial systolic pressure (−9 mmHg, 95%CI (3, 15); <i>p =</i> 0.011) and waist circumference (−3.8 cm, 95%CI (1.6, 6.1); <i>p</i> < 0.001) than males. To enhance the feasibility of future trials, targeted strategies to improve female recruitment and adherence are needed. Females with T2D may experience greater cardiometabolic health improvements from aerobic training than males. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:38:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-31f3fb5dcea74eab9c4461a809c23c76 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:38:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-31f3fb5dcea74eab9c4461a809c23c762023-11-16T21:17:00ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832023-02-01124125510.3390/jcm12041255Sex Differences in the Feasibility of Aerobic Exercise Training for Improving Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes in Adults with Type 2 DiabetesSian Alice O’Gorman0Clint Thomas Miller1Jonathan Charles Rawstorn2Angelo Sabag3Rachelle Noelle Sultana4Sean Michael Lanting5Shelley Elizabeth Keating6Nathan Anthony Johnson7Kimberley Larisa Way8Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC 3125, AustraliaInstitute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition and Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, AustraliaInstitute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition and Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, AustraliaNICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, AustraliaFaculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaFaculty of Health and Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2300, AustraliaSchool of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, AustraliaFaculty of Medicine and Health, Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaInstitute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition and Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, AustraliaFemales with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have a 25–50% greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared with males. While aerobic exercise training is effective for improving cardiometabolic health outcomes, there is limited sex-segregated evidence on the feasibility of aerobic training in adults with T2D. A secondary analysis of a 12-week randomized controlled trial examining aerobic training in inactive adults with T2D was conducted. Feasibility outcomes were recruitment, retention, treatment fidelity, and safety. Sex differences and intervention effects were assessed using two-way analyses of variances. Thirty-five participants (14 females) were recruited. The recruitment rate was significantly lower among females (9% versus 18%; <i>p</i> = 0.022). Females in the intervention were less adherent (50% versus 93%; <i>p</i> = 0.016), and experienced minor adverse events more frequently (0.08% versus 0.03%; <i>p</i> = 0.003). Aerobically trained females experienced clinically meaningful reductions in pulse wave velocity (−1.25 m/s, 95%CI [−2.54, 0.04]; <i>p</i> = 0.648), and significantly greater reductions in brachial systolic pressure (−9 mmHg, 95%CI (3, 15); <i>p =</i> 0.011) and waist circumference (−3.8 cm, 95%CI (1.6, 6.1); <i>p</i> < 0.001) than males. To enhance the feasibility of future trials, targeted strategies to improve female recruitment and adherence are needed. Females with T2D may experience greater cardiometabolic health improvements from aerobic training than males.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/4/1255feasibilitysex differencesarterial healthpulse wave velocityaerobic exercise training |
| spellingShingle | Sian Alice O’Gorman Clint Thomas Miller Jonathan Charles Rawstorn Angelo Sabag Rachelle Noelle Sultana Sean Michael Lanting Shelley Elizabeth Keating Nathan Anthony Johnson Kimberley Larisa Way Sex Differences in the Feasibility of Aerobic Exercise Training for Improving Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Journal of Clinical Medicine feasibility sex differences arterial health pulse wave velocity aerobic exercise training |
| title | Sex Differences in the Feasibility of Aerobic Exercise Training for Improving Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_full | Sex Differences in the Feasibility of Aerobic Exercise Training for Improving Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_fullStr | Sex Differences in the Feasibility of Aerobic Exercise Training for Improving Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sex Differences in the Feasibility of Aerobic Exercise Training for Improving Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_short | Sex Differences in the Feasibility of Aerobic Exercise Training for Improving Cardiometabolic Health Outcomes in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes |
| title_sort | sex differences in the feasibility of aerobic exercise training for improving cardiometabolic health outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes |
| topic | feasibility sex differences arterial health pulse wave velocity aerobic exercise training |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/4/1255 |
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