Response of Tomato-Pseudomonas Pathosystem to Mild Heat Stress
Higher plants suffer from mild heat stress when temperatures increase by 5 °C above optimum growth temperatures. This produces changes at the cellular and metabolic levels, allowing plants to adapt to heat conditions. This study investigated an increase of 5 °C above the optimum growth temperature (...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/2/174 |
| _version_ | 1797479574369468416 |
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| author | Loredana Scalschi Emma Fernández-Crespo Marcel Pitarch-Marin Eugenio Llorens Ana Isabel González-Hernández Gemma Camañes Begonya Vicedo Pilar García-Agustín |
| author_facet | Loredana Scalschi Emma Fernández-Crespo Marcel Pitarch-Marin Eugenio Llorens Ana Isabel González-Hernández Gemma Camañes Begonya Vicedo Pilar García-Agustín |
| author_sort | Loredana Scalschi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Higher plants suffer from mild heat stress when temperatures increase by 5 °C above optimum growth temperatures. This produces changes at the cellular and metabolic levels, allowing plants to adapt to heat conditions. This study investigated an increase of 5 °C above the optimum growth temperature (26 °C) of tomato plants in the tomato—<i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. tomato pathosystem. A temperature increase above 26 °C affects plant development, the defensive pathways activated against <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. tomato strain DC3000 (PstDC3000), and the bacterial growth and virulence machinery. The results demonstrated that tomato plants were able to acclimate to mild heat stress, showing no symptoms of damage. Moreover, plants subjected to a 5 °C increase (T31 °C plants) showed higher basal levels of metabolites such as proline and putrescine, which probably act as compatible osmolytes. This demonstrates their importance as key components of thermotolerance. When grown under mild heat stress, plants were less susceptible to PstDC3000 and showed increased accumulation of abscisic acid, jasmonic acid-isoleucine, and spermine. In addition, the temperature increase negatively affected the infectivity of PstDC3000. Inhibition of the genes responsible for quorum sensing establishment and synthesis of flagellin and coronatine was observed in bacteria extracted from T31 °C plants. Analysis of the genes involved in the synthesis of the type III secretion system indicates the important role of this system in bacterial growth under these conditions. As the known resistance mechanisms involved in the defense against PstDC3000 were not activated, the changes in its virulence mechanisms under high temperatures may explain the lower infection observed in the T31 °C plants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:47:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-320911b09562429982adf19671758e92 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:47:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-320911b09562429982adf19671758e922023-11-23T20:12:50ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242022-02-018217410.3390/horticulturae8020174Response of Tomato-Pseudomonas Pathosystem to Mild Heat StressLoredana Scalschi0Emma Fernández-Crespo1Marcel Pitarch-Marin2Eugenio Llorens3Ana Isabel González-Hernández4Gemma Camañes5Begonya Vicedo6Pilar García-Agustín7Grupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, SpainGrupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, SpainGrupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, SpainGrupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, SpainGrupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, SpainGrupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, SpainGrupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, SpainGrupo de Bioquímica y Biotecnología, Área de Fisiología Vegetal, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, ESTCE, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castellón, SpainHigher plants suffer from mild heat stress when temperatures increase by 5 °C above optimum growth temperatures. This produces changes at the cellular and metabolic levels, allowing plants to adapt to heat conditions. This study investigated an increase of 5 °C above the optimum growth temperature (26 °C) of tomato plants in the tomato—<i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. tomato pathosystem. A temperature increase above 26 °C affects plant development, the defensive pathways activated against <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. tomato strain DC3000 (PstDC3000), and the bacterial growth and virulence machinery. The results demonstrated that tomato plants were able to acclimate to mild heat stress, showing no symptoms of damage. Moreover, plants subjected to a 5 °C increase (T31 °C plants) showed higher basal levels of metabolites such as proline and putrescine, which probably act as compatible osmolytes. This demonstrates their importance as key components of thermotolerance. When grown under mild heat stress, plants were less susceptible to PstDC3000 and showed increased accumulation of abscisic acid, jasmonic acid-isoleucine, and spermine. In addition, the temperature increase negatively affected the infectivity of PstDC3000. Inhibition of the genes responsible for quorum sensing establishment and synthesis of flagellin and coronatine was observed in bacteria extracted from T31 °C plants. Analysis of the genes involved in the synthesis of the type III secretion system indicates the important role of this system in bacterial growth under these conditions. As the known resistance mechanisms involved in the defense against PstDC3000 were not activated, the changes in its virulence mechanisms under high temperatures may explain the lower infection observed in the T31 °C plants.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/2/174tomato<i>Pseudomonas syringae</i>mild heat stressvirulence systemsCORT3SS |
| spellingShingle | Loredana Scalschi Emma Fernández-Crespo Marcel Pitarch-Marin Eugenio Llorens Ana Isabel González-Hernández Gemma Camañes Begonya Vicedo Pilar García-Agustín Response of Tomato-Pseudomonas Pathosystem to Mild Heat Stress Horticulturae tomato <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> mild heat stress virulence systems COR T3SS |
| title | Response of Tomato-Pseudomonas Pathosystem to Mild Heat Stress |
| title_full | Response of Tomato-Pseudomonas Pathosystem to Mild Heat Stress |
| title_fullStr | Response of Tomato-Pseudomonas Pathosystem to Mild Heat Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Response of Tomato-Pseudomonas Pathosystem to Mild Heat Stress |
| title_short | Response of Tomato-Pseudomonas Pathosystem to Mild Heat Stress |
| title_sort | response of tomato pseudomonas pathosystem to mild heat stress |
| topic | tomato <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> mild heat stress virulence systems COR T3SS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/2/174 |
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