Response of the Eastern Mediterranean microbial ecosystem to dust and dust affected by acid processing in the atmosphere
Acid processes in the atmosphere, particularly those caused by anthropogenic acid gases, increase the amount of bioavailable P in dust and hence are predicted to increase microbial biomass and primary productivity when supplied to oceanic surface waters. This is likely to be particularly important i...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2016-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmars.2016.00133/full |
| _version_ | 1818546573105168384 |
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| author | Michael David Krom Michael David Krom Zongbo Shi Anthony Stockdale Ilana R Berman-Frank Antonia Giannakourou Barak Herut Anna Lagaria Nafsika Papageorgiou Paraskevi Pitta Stella Psarra Eyal Rahav Michael Scoullos Eleni Stathopoulou Anastasia Tsiola Anastasia Tsiola Tatiana M. Tsagaraki Tatiana M. Tsagaraki |
| author_facet | Michael David Krom Michael David Krom Zongbo Shi Anthony Stockdale Ilana R Berman-Frank Antonia Giannakourou Barak Herut Anna Lagaria Nafsika Papageorgiou Paraskevi Pitta Stella Psarra Eyal Rahav Michael Scoullos Eleni Stathopoulou Anastasia Tsiola Anastasia Tsiola Tatiana M. Tsagaraki Tatiana M. Tsagaraki |
| author_sort | Michael David Krom |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Acid processes in the atmosphere, particularly those caused by anthropogenic acid gases, increase the amount of bioavailable P in dust and hence are predicted to increase microbial biomass and primary productivity when supplied to oceanic surface waters. This is likely to be particularly important in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS), which is P limited during the winter bloom and N&P co-limited for phytoplankton in summer. However, it is not clear how the acid processes acting on Saharan dust will affect the microbial biomass and primary productivity in the EMS. Here, we carried out bioassay manipulations on EMS surface water on which Saharan dust was added as dust (Z), acid treated dust (ZA), dust plus excess N (ZN) and acid treated dust with excess N (ZNA) during springtime (May 2012) and measured bacterioplankton biomass, metabolic and other relevant chemical and biological parameters. We show that acid treatment of Saharan dust increased the amount of bioavailable P supplied by a factor of ~40 compared to non-acidified dust (18.4 nmoles P mg-1 dust vs. 0.45 nmoles P mg-1 dust, respectively). The increase in chlorophyll, primary and bacterial productivity for treatments Z and ZA were controlled by the amount of N added with the dust while those for treatments ZN and ZNA (in which excessive N was added) were controlled by the amount of P added. These results confirm that the surface waters were N&P co-limited for phytoplankton during springtime. However, total chlorophyll and primary productivity in the acid treated dust additions (ZA and ZNA) were less than predicted from that calculated from the amount of the potentially limiting nutrient added. This biological inhibition was interpreted as being due to labile trace metals being added with the acidified dust. A probable cause for this biological inhibition was the addition of dissolved Al, which forms potentially toxic Al nanoparticles when added to seawater. Thus, the effect of anthropogenic acid processes in the atmosphere, while increasing the flux of bioavailable P from dust to the surface ocean, may also add toxic trace metals such as Al, which moderate the fertilizing effect of the added nutrients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T07:55:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-321b5faa7bb24644a9df29a81f462f13 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T07:55:01Z |
| publishDate | 2016-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-321b5faa7bb24644a9df29a81f462f132022-12-22T00:32:21ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452016-08-01310.3389/fmars.2016.00133213314Response of the Eastern Mediterranean microbial ecosystem to dust and dust affected by acid processing in the atmosphereMichael David Krom0Michael David Krom1Zongbo Shi2Anthony Stockdale3Ilana R Berman-Frank4Antonia Giannakourou5Barak Herut6Anna Lagaria7Nafsika Papageorgiou8Paraskevi Pitta9Stella Psarra10Eyal Rahav11Michael Scoullos12Eleni Stathopoulou13Anastasia Tsiola14Anastasia Tsiola15Tatiana M. Tsagaraki16Tatiana M. Tsagaraki17University of HaifaUniversity of LeedsUniversity of BirminghamUniversity of LeedsBar-Ilan UniversityHellenic Centre for Marine ResearchIsrael Oceanographic & Limnological ResearchHellenic Center for Marine ResearchHellenic Center for Marine ResearchHellenic Center for Marine ResearchHellenic Center for Marine ResearchIsrael Oceanographic & Limnological ResearchUniversity of AthensUniversity of AthensHellenic Center for Marine ResearchUniversity of BergenHellenic Center for Marine ResearchUniversity of BergenAcid processes in the atmosphere, particularly those caused by anthropogenic acid gases, increase the amount of bioavailable P in dust and hence are predicted to increase microbial biomass and primary productivity when supplied to oceanic surface waters. This is likely to be particularly important in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea (EMS), which is P limited during the winter bloom and N&P co-limited for phytoplankton in summer. However, it is not clear how the acid processes acting on Saharan dust will affect the microbial biomass and primary productivity in the EMS. Here, we carried out bioassay manipulations on EMS surface water on which Saharan dust was added as dust (Z), acid treated dust (ZA), dust plus excess N (ZN) and acid treated dust with excess N (ZNA) during springtime (May 2012) and measured bacterioplankton biomass, metabolic and other relevant chemical and biological parameters. We show that acid treatment of Saharan dust increased the amount of bioavailable P supplied by a factor of ~40 compared to non-acidified dust (18.4 nmoles P mg-1 dust vs. 0.45 nmoles P mg-1 dust, respectively). The increase in chlorophyll, primary and bacterial productivity for treatments Z and ZA were controlled by the amount of N added with the dust while those for treatments ZN and ZNA (in which excessive N was added) were controlled by the amount of P added. These results confirm that the surface waters were N&P co-limited for phytoplankton during springtime. However, total chlorophyll and primary productivity in the acid treated dust additions (ZA and ZNA) were less than predicted from that calculated from the amount of the potentially limiting nutrient added. This biological inhibition was interpreted as being due to labile trace metals being added with the acidified dust. A probable cause for this biological inhibition was the addition of dissolved Al, which forms potentially toxic Al nanoparticles when added to seawater. Thus, the effect of anthropogenic acid processes in the atmosphere, while increasing the flux of bioavailable P from dust to the surface ocean, may also add toxic trace metals such as Al, which moderate the fertilizing effect of the added nutrients.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmars.2016.00133/fullDustNitrogenPhosphorusEastern MediterraneanMicrocosm ExperimentAtmospheric acid processes |
| spellingShingle | Michael David Krom Michael David Krom Zongbo Shi Anthony Stockdale Ilana R Berman-Frank Antonia Giannakourou Barak Herut Anna Lagaria Nafsika Papageorgiou Paraskevi Pitta Stella Psarra Eyal Rahav Michael Scoullos Eleni Stathopoulou Anastasia Tsiola Anastasia Tsiola Tatiana M. Tsagaraki Tatiana M. Tsagaraki Response of the Eastern Mediterranean microbial ecosystem to dust and dust affected by acid processing in the atmosphere Frontiers in Marine Science Dust Nitrogen Phosphorus Eastern Mediterranean Microcosm Experiment Atmospheric acid processes |
| title | Response of the Eastern Mediterranean microbial ecosystem to dust and dust affected by acid processing in the atmosphere |
| title_full | Response of the Eastern Mediterranean microbial ecosystem to dust and dust affected by acid processing in the atmosphere |
| title_fullStr | Response of the Eastern Mediterranean microbial ecosystem to dust and dust affected by acid processing in the atmosphere |
| title_full_unstemmed | Response of the Eastern Mediterranean microbial ecosystem to dust and dust affected by acid processing in the atmosphere |
| title_short | Response of the Eastern Mediterranean microbial ecosystem to dust and dust affected by acid processing in the atmosphere |
| title_sort | response of the eastern mediterranean microbial ecosystem to dust and dust affected by acid processing in the atmosphere |
| topic | Dust Nitrogen Phosphorus Eastern Mediterranean Microcosm Experiment Atmospheric acid processes |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fmars.2016.00133/full |
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