The Supported Boro-Additive Effect for the Selective Recovery of Dy Elements from Rare-Earth-Elements-Based Magnets
Liquid metal extraction (LME) for recycling rare-earth elements from magnets is studied, in the present study, to examine its suitability as an environmentally friendly alternative for a circular economy. While Nd (neodymium) extraction efficiency can easily reach almost 100%, based on the high reac...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/9/3032 |
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| author | Sangmin Park Dae-Kyeom Kim Javid Hussain Myungsuk Song Taek-Soo Kim |
| author_facet | Sangmin Park Dae-Kyeom Kim Javid Hussain Myungsuk Song Taek-Soo Kim |
| author_sort | Sangmin Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Liquid metal extraction (LME) for recycling rare-earth elements from magnets is studied, in the present study, to examine its suitability as an environmentally friendly alternative for a circular economy. While Nd (neodymium) extraction efficiency can easily reach almost 100%, based on the high reactivity of Mg (magnesium), Dy (dysprosium) extraction has been limited because of the Dy–Fe intermetallic phase as the main extractive bottleneck. In the present paper, the boro-additive effect is designed thermodynamically and examined in the ternary and quinary systems to improve the selectivity of recovery. Based on the strong chemical affinity between B (boron) and Fe, the effect of excess boron, which is produced by the depletion of B in FeB by Mg, successfully resulted in the formation of Fe<sub>2</sub>B instead of Dy–Fe bonding. However, the growth of the Fe<sub>2</sub>B layer, which is the reason for the isolated Mg, leads to the production of other byproducts, rare-earth borides (<i>R</i>B<sub>4</sub>, <i>R</i> = Nd and Dy), as the side effect. By adjusting the ratio of FeB, the extraction efficiency of Dy over 12 h with FeB addition is improved to 80%, which is almost the same extraction efficiency of the conventional LME process over 24 h. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:59:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3228b170c81546aa9a1a7639cc6a67f5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:59:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-3228b170c81546aa9a1a7639cc6a67f52023-11-23T08:37:05ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-04-01159303210.3390/ma15093032The Supported Boro-Additive Effect for the Selective Recovery of Dy Elements from Rare-Earth-Elements-Based MagnetsSangmin Park0Dae-Kyeom Kim1Javid Hussain2Myungsuk Song3Taek-Soo Kim4Research Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 21999, KoreaResearch Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 21999, KoreaResearch Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 21999, KoreaResearch Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 21999, KoreaResearch Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 21999, KoreaLiquid metal extraction (LME) for recycling rare-earth elements from magnets is studied, in the present study, to examine its suitability as an environmentally friendly alternative for a circular economy. While Nd (neodymium) extraction efficiency can easily reach almost 100%, based on the high reactivity of Mg (magnesium), Dy (dysprosium) extraction has been limited because of the Dy–Fe intermetallic phase as the main extractive bottleneck. In the present paper, the boro-additive effect is designed thermodynamically and examined in the ternary and quinary systems to improve the selectivity of recovery. Based on the strong chemical affinity between B (boron) and Fe, the effect of excess boron, which is produced by the depletion of B in FeB by Mg, successfully resulted in the formation of Fe<sub>2</sub>B instead of Dy–Fe bonding. However, the growth of the Fe<sub>2</sub>B layer, which is the reason for the isolated Mg, leads to the production of other byproducts, rare-earth borides (<i>R</i>B<sub>4</sub>, <i>R</i> = Nd and Dy), as the side effect. By adjusting the ratio of FeB, the extraction efficiency of Dy over 12 h with FeB addition is improved to 80%, which is almost the same extraction efficiency of the conventional LME process over 24 h.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/9/3032pyrometallurgyrecyclingliquid metal extractionboro-additive effectDy–Fe intermetallic compounds |
| spellingShingle | Sangmin Park Dae-Kyeom Kim Javid Hussain Myungsuk Song Taek-Soo Kim The Supported Boro-Additive Effect for the Selective Recovery of Dy Elements from Rare-Earth-Elements-Based Magnets Materials pyrometallurgy recycling liquid metal extraction boro-additive effect Dy–Fe intermetallic compounds |
| title | The Supported Boro-Additive Effect for the Selective Recovery of Dy Elements from Rare-Earth-Elements-Based Magnets |
| title_full | The Supported Boro-Additive Effect for the Selective Recovery of Dy Elements from Rare-Earth-Elements-Based Magnets |
| title_fullStr | The Supported Boro-Additive Effect for the Selective Recovery of Dy Elements from Rare-Earth-Elements-Based Magnets |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Supported Boro-Additive Effect for the Selective Recovery of Dy Elements from Rare-Earth-Elements-Based Magnets |
| title_short | The Supported Boro-Additive Effect for the Selective Recovery of Dy Elements from Rare-Earth-Elements-Based Magnets |
| title_sort | supported boro additive effect for the selective recovery of dy elements from rare earth elements based magnets |
| topic | pyrometallurgy recycling liquid metal extraction boro-additive effect Dy–Fe intermetallic compounds |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/9/3032 |
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