Relationship between Molarity and Color in the Crystal (‘Dramada’) Produced by Scytalidium cuboideum, in Two Solvents
Pigments from wood-decay fungi (specifically spalting fungi) have a long history of use in wood art, and have become relevant in modern science due to their longevity and colorfastness. They are presently under investigation as colorants for wood, bamboo, oils, paints and textiles. Major hurdles to...
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MDPI AG
2018-10-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/10/2581 |
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| author | Sarath M. Vega Gutierrez R. C. Van Court Derek W. Stone Matthew J. Konkler Emily N. Groth Seri C. Robinson |
| author_facet | Sarath M. Vega Gutierrez R. C. Van Court Derek W. Stone Matthew J. Konkler Emily N. Groth Seri C. Robinson |
| author_sort | Sarath M. Vega Gutierrez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pigments from wood-decay fungi (specifically spalting fungi) have a long history of use in wood art, and have become relevant in modern science due to their longevity and colorfastness. They are presently under investigation as colorants for wood, bamboo, oils, paints and textiles. Major hurdles to their commercialization have been color repeatability (in that the same strain of the same species of fungus may produce different colors over time), and the binding of the pigments to glass storage containers. This is persistent as they do not naturally exist in a loose form. Due to these issues, the ‘standard’ color for each was historically determined not by the amount of pigment, but by the color in a solution of dichloromethane (DCM), using the CIE L*a*b colorspace. This method of standardization severely limited the use of these pigments in industrial applications, as without a dry form, standard methodologies for repeatable color processing into other materials could not be easily implemented. Recent studies have developed a method to crystalize the red pigment from Scytalidium cuboideum (Sacc. & Ellis) Sigler & Kang, producing a highly pure (99%) solid crystal named ‘Dramada’. Herein a method is detailed to compare the molarity of this crystallized pigment to variations in the color, to determine a color saturation curve (by weight) for the pigment from S. cuboideum in DCM and acetone. The molarities for this experiment ranged from 0.024 mM to 19 mM. Each molarity was color read and assigned a CIEL*a*b* value. The results showed that there was a correlation between the molarity and color difference, with the maximum red color occurring between 0.73 mM and 7.3 mM in DCM and between 0.97 mM to 0.73 mM in acetone. Extremely low molarities of pigment produced strong coloration in the solvent, and changes in molarity significantly affected the color of the solution. Having a saturation and color curve for the crystal ‘Dramada’ from S. cuboideum will allow for the reliable production of distinct colors from a known quantity (by weight) of pigment, erasing the final hurdle towards commercial development of the crystallized pigment from S. cuboideum as an industrial dyestuff. |
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| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T05:32:02Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-323166daaeaf466abb3b938925c9e6222022-12-21T17:58:26ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492018-10-012310258110.3390/molecules23102581molecules23102581Relationship between Molarity and Color in the Crystal (‘Dramada’) Produced by Scytalidium cuboideum, in Two SolventsSarath M. Vega Gutierrez0R. C. Van Court1Derek W. Stone2Matthew J. Konkler3Emily N. Groth4Seri C. Robinson5Department of Wood Science & Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USADepartment of Wood Science & Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USABioengineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USADepartment of Wood Science & Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USAMaterials Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USADepartment of Wood Science & Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USAPigments from wood-decay fungi (specifically spalting fungi) have a long history of use in wood art, and have become relevant in modern science due to their longevity and colorfastness. They are presently under investigation as colorants for wood, bamboo, oils, paints and textiles. Major hurdles to their commercialization have been color repeatability (in that the same strain of the same species of fungus may produce different colors over time), and the binding of the pigments to glass storage containers. This is persistent as they do not naturally exist in a loose form. Due to these issues, the ‘standard’ color for each was historically determined not by the amount of pigment, but by the color in a solution of dichloromethane (DCM), using the CIE L*a*b colorspace. This method of standardization severely limited the use of these pigments in industrial applications, as without a dry form, standard methodologies for repeatable color processing into other materials could not be easily implemented. Recent studies have developed a method to crystalize the red pigment from Scytalidium cuboideum (Sacc. & Ellis) Sigler & Kang, producing a highly pure (99%) solid crystal named ‘Dramada’. Herein a method is detailed to compare the molarity of this crystallized pigment to variations in the color, to determine a color saturation curve (by weight) for the pigment from S. cuboideum in DCM and acetone. The molarities for this experiment ranged from 0.024 mM to 19 mM. Each molarity was color read and assigned a CIEL*a*b* value. The results showed that there was a correlation between the molarity and color difference, with the maximum red color occurring between 0.73 mM and 7.3 mM in DCM and between 0.97 mM to 0.73 mM in acetone. Extremely low molarities of pigment produced strong coloration in the solvent, and changes in molarity significantly affected the color of the solution. Having a saturation and color curve for the crystal ‘Dramada’ from S. cuboideum will allow for the reliable production of distinct colors from a known quantity (by weight) of pigment, erasing the final hurdle towards commercial development of the crystallized pigment from S. cuboideum as an industrial dyestuff.http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/10/2581Scytalidium cuboideumDramadasaturationmolaritycolor differencefungal pigment |
| spellingShingle | Sarath M. Vega Gutierrez R. C. Van Court Derek W. Stone Matthew J. Konkler Emily N. Groth Seri C. Robinson Relationship between Molarity and Color in the Crystal (‘Dramada’) Produced by Scytalidium cuboideum, in Two Solvents Molecules Scytalidium cuboideum Dramada saturation molarity color difference fungal pigment |
| title | Relationship between Molarity and Color in the Crystal (‘Dramada’) Produced by Scytalidium cuboideum, in Two Solvents |
| title_full | Relationship between Molarity and Color in the Crystal (‘Dramada’) Produced by Scytalidium cuboideum, in Two Solvents |
| title_fullStr | Relationship between Molarity and Color in the Crystal (‘Dramada’) Produced by Scytalidium cuboideum, in Two Solvents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Relationship between Molarity and Color in the Crystal (‘Dramada’) Produced by Scytalidium cuboideum, in Two Solvents |
| title_short | Relationship between Molarity and Color in the Crystal (‘Dramada’) Produced by Scytalidium cuboideum, in Two Solvents |
| title_sort | relationship between molarity and color in the crystal dramada produced by scytalidium cuboideum in two solvents |
| topic | Scytalidium cuboideum Dramada saturation molarity color difference fungal pigment |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/10/2581 |
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