Smart Inlays for Simultaneous Crack Sensing and Arrest in Multifunctional Bondlines of Composites
Disbond arrest features combined with a structural health monitoring system for permanent bondline surveillance have the potential to significantly increase the safety of adhesive bonds in composite structures. A core requirement is that the integration of such features is achieved without causing w...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/11/3852 |
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| author | Chresten von der Heide Julian Steinmetz Martin J. Schollerer Christian Hühne Michael Sinapius Andreas Dietzel |
| author_facet | Chresten von der Heide Julian Steinmetz Martin J. Schollerer Christian Hühne Michael Sinapius Andreas Dietzel |
| author_sort | Chresten von der Heide |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Disbond arrest features combined with a structural health monitoring system for permanent bondline surveillance have the potential to significantly increase the safety of adhesive bonds in composite structures. A core requirement is that the integration of such features is achieved without causing weakening of the bondline. We present the design of a smart inlay equipped with a micro strain sensor-system fabricated on a polyvinyliden fluorid (PVDF) foil material. This material has proven disbond arrest functionality, but has not before been used as a substrate in lithographic micro sensor fabrication. Only with special pretreatment can it meet the requirements of thin film sensor elements regarding surface roughness and adhesion. Moreover, the sensor integration into composite material using a standard manufacturing procedure reveals that the smart inlays endure this process even though subjected to high temperatures, curing reactions and plasma treatment. Most critical is the substrate melting during curing when sensory function is preserved with a covering caul plate that stabilizes the fragile measuring grids. The smart inlays are tested by static mechanical loading, showing that they can be stretched far beyond critical elongations of composites before failure. The health monitoring function is verified by testing the specimens with integrated sensors in a cantilever bending setup. The results prove the feasibility of micro sensors detecting strain gradients on a disbond arresting substrate to form a so-called multifunctional bondline. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:45:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-323a7cf8b103419488b6724782e4d08c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:45:41Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-323a7cf8b103419488b6724782e4d08c2023-11-21T22:36:18ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-06-012111385210.3390/s21113852Smart Inlays for Simultaneous Crack Sensing and Arrest in Multifunctional Bondlines of CompositesChresten von der Heide0Julian Steinmetz1Martin J. Schollerer2Christian Hühne3Michael Sinapius4Andreas Dietzel5Institute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyInstitute of Mechanics and Adaptronics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyInstitute of Composite Structures and Adaptive Systems, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 38108 Braunschweig, GermanyInstitute of Mechanics and Adaptronics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyInstitute of Mechanics and Adaptronics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38106 Braunschweig, GermanyInstitute of Microtechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, 38124 Braunschweig, GermanyDisbond arrest features combined with a structural health monitoring system for permanent bondline surveillance have the potential to significantly increase the safety of adhesive bonds in composite structures. A core requirement is that the integration of such features is achieved without causing weakening of the bondline. We present the design of a smart inlay equipped with a micro strain sensor-system fabricated on a polyvinyliden fluorid (PVDF) foil material. This material has proven disbond arrest functionality, but has not before been used as a substrate in lithographic micro sensor fabrication. Only with special pretreatment can it meet the requirements of thin film sensor elements regarding surface roughness and adhesion. Moreover, the sensor integration into composite material using a standard manufacturing procedure reveals that the smart inlays endure this process even though subjected to high temperatures, curing reactions and plasma treatment. Most critical is the substrate melting during curing when sensory function is preserved with a covering caul plate that stabilizes the fragile measuring grids. The smart inlays are tested by static mechanical loading, showing that they can be stretched far beyond critical elongations of composites before failure. The health monitoring function is verified by testing the specimens with integrated sensors in a cantilever bending setup. The results prove the feasibility of micro sensors detecting strain gradients on a disbond arresting substrate to form a so-called multifunctional bondline.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/11/3852thin-film sensorsfoil sensorscomposite structuresstructural bondingmultifunctional bondlinefunction conformity |
| spellingShingle | Chresten von der Heide Julian Steinmetz Martin J. Schollerer Christian Hühne Michael Sinapius Andreas Dietzel Smart Inlays for Simultaneous Crack Sensing and Arrest in Multifunctional Bondlines of Composites Sensors thin-film sensors foil sensors composite structures structural bonding multifunctional bondline function conformity |
| title | Smart Inlays for Simultaneous Crack Sensing and Arrest in Multifunctional Bondlines of Composites |
| title_full | Smart Inlays for Simultaneous Crack Sensing and Arrest in Multifunctional Bondlines of Composites |
| title_fullStr | Smart Inlays for Simultaneous Crack Sensing and Arrest in Multifunctional Bondlines of Composites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Smart Inlays for Simultaneous Crack Sensing and Arrest in Multifunctional Bondlines of Composites |
| title_short | Smart Inlays for Simultaneous Crack Sensing and Arrest in Multifunctional Bondlines of Composites |
| title_sort | smart inlays for simultaneous crack sensing and arrest in multifunctional bondlines of composites |
| topic | thin-film sensors foil sensors composite structures structural bonding multifunctional bondline function conformity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/11/3852 |
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