Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Frailty and Metabolic Syndromes—Two Sides of the Same Coin
In developed countries, aging is often seen as typical, but it is made complicated by many disorders and co-morbidities. Insulin resistance seems to be an underlying pathomechanism in frailty and metabolic syndromes. The decline in insulin sensitivity leads to changes in the oxidant–antioxidant bala...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/4/475 |
| _version_ | 1797604365272350720 |
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| author | Sylwia Dzięgielewska-Gęsiak Małgorzata Muc-Wierzgoń |
| author_facet | Sylwia Dzięgielewska-Gęsiak Małgorzata Muc-Wierzgoń |
| author_sort | Sylwia Dzięgielewska-Gęsiak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In developed countries, aging is often seen as typical, but it is made complicated by many disorders and co-morbidities. Insulin resistance seems to be an underlying pathomechanism in frailty and metabolic syndromes. The decline in insulin sensitivity leads to changes in the oxidant–antioxidant balance and an accelerated inflammatory response, especially by adipocytes and macrophages in adipose tissue, as well as muscle mass density. Thus, in the pathophysiology of syndemic disorders—the metabolic syndrome and frailty syndrome—an extremely important role may be played by increased oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory state. Papers included in this review explored available full texts and the reference lists of relevant studies from the last 20 years, before the end of 2022; we also investigated the PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases. The online resources describing an elderly population (≥65 years old) published as full texts were searched for the following terms: “oxidative stress and/or inflammation”, “frailty and/or metabolic syndrome”. Then, all resources were analyzed and narratively described in the context of oxidative stress and/or inflammation markers which underlie pathomechanisms of frailty and/or metabolic syndromes in elderly patients. So far, different metabolic pathways discussed in this review show that a similar pathogenesis underlies the development of the metabolic as well as frailty syndromes in the context of increased oxidative stress and acceleration of inflammation. Thus, we argue that the syndemia of the syndromes represents two sides of the same coin. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:45:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-323c1caf8d1149fdbb14773f597c0810 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:45:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-323c1caf8d1149fdbb14773f597c08102023-11-17T20:24:00ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892023-03-0113447510.3390/metabo13040475Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Frailty and Metabolic Syndromes—Two Sides of the Same CoinSylwia Dzięgielewska-Gęsiak0Małgorzata Muc-Wierzgoń1Department of Internal Medicine Prevention, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Internal Medicine Prevention, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 40-055 Katowice, PolandIn developed countries, aging is often seen as typical, but it is made complicated by many disorders and co-morbidities. Insulin resistance seems to be an underlying pathomechanism in frailty and metabolic syndromes. The decline in insulin sensitivity leads to changes in the oxidant–antioxidant balance and an accelerated inflammatory response, especially by adipocytes and macrophages in adipose tissue, as well as muscle mass density. Thus, in the pathophysiology of syndemic disorders—the metabolic syndrome and frailty syndrome—an extremely important role may be played by increased oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory state. Papers included in this review explored available full texts and the reference lists of relevant studies from the last 20 years, before the end of 2022; we also investigated the PubMed and Google Scholar electronic databases. The online resources describing an elderly population (≥65 years old) published as full texts were searched for the following terms: “oxidative stress and/or inflammation”, “frailty and/or metabolic syndrome”. Then, all resources were analyzed and narratively described in the context of oxidative stress and/or inflammation markers which underlie pathomechanisms of frailty and/or metabolic syndromes in elderly patients. So far, different metabolic pathways discussed in this review show that a similar pathogenesis underlies the development of the metabolic as well as frailty syndromes in the context of increased oxidative stress and acceleration of inflammation. Thus, we argue that the syndemia of the syndromes represents two sides of the same coin.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/4/475metabolic syndromefrailty syndromeinflammatory markersoxidant–antioxidant balance |
| spellingShingle | Sylwia Dzięgielewska-Gęsiak Małgorzata Muc-Wierzgoń Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Frailty and Metabolic Syndromes—Two Sides of the Same Coin Metabolites metabolic syndrome frailty syndrome inflammatory markers oxidant–antioxidant balance |
| title | Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Frailty and Metabolic Syndromes—Two Sides of the Same Coin |
| title_full | Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Frailty and Metabolic Syndromes—Two Sides of the Same Coin |
| title_fullStr | Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Frailty and Metabolic Syndromes—Two Sides of the Same Coin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Frailty and Metabolic Syndromes—Two Sides of the Same Coin |
| title_short | Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Frailty and Metabolic Syndromes—Two Sides of the Same Coin |
| title_sort | inflammation and oxidative stress in frailty and metabolic syndromes two sides of the same coin |
| topic | metabolic syndrome frailty syndrome inflammatory markers oxidant–antioxidant balance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/4/475 |
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