Advances in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> Engineering for Xylose Fermentation and Biofuel Production: Balancing Growth, Metabolism, and Defense
Genetically engineering microorganisms to produce chemicals has changed the industrialized world. The budding yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> is frequently used in industry due to its genetic tractability and unique metabolic capabilities. <i>S. cerevisiae</i> has been...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/8/786 |
| _version_ | 1797584152925569024 |
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| author | Ellen R. Wagner Audrey P. Gasch |
| author_facet | Ellen R. Wagner Audrey P. Gasch |
| author_sort | Ellen R. Wagner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Genetically engineering microorganisms to produce chemicals has changed the industrialized world. The budding yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> is frequently used in industry due to its genetic tractability and unique metabolic capabilities. <i>S. cerevisiae</i> has been engineered to produce novel compounds from diverse sugars found in lignocellulosic biomass, including pentose sugars, like xylose, not recognized by the organism. Engineering high flux toward novel compounds has proved to be more challenging than anticipated since simply introducing pathway components is often not enough. Several studies show that the rewiring of upstream signaling is required to direct products toward pathways of interest, but doing so can diminish stress tolerance, which is important in industrial conditions. As an example of these challenges, we reviewed <i>S. cerevisiae</i> engineering efforts, enabling anaerobic xylose fermentation as a model system and showcasing the regulatory interplay’s controlling growth, metabolism, and stress defense. Enabling xylose fermentation in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> requires the introduction of several key metabolic enzymes but also regulatory rewiring of three signaling pathways at the intersection of the growth and stress defense responses: the RAS/PKA, Snf1, and high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathways. The current studies reviewed here suggest the modulation of global signaling pathways should be adopted into biorefinery microbial engineering pipelines to increase efficient product yields. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:49:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-324249463767404d9d122f56e2f81eae |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:49:17Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-324249463767404d9d122f56e2f81eae2023-11-19T01:46:59ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2023-07-019878610.3390/jof9080786Advances in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> Engineering for Xylose Fermentation and Biofuel Production: Balancing Growth, Metabolism, and DefenseEllen R. Wagner0Audrey P. Gasch1Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USALaboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USAGenetically engineering microorganisms to produce chemicals has changed the industrialized world. The budding yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> is frequently used in industry due to its genetic tractability and unique metabolic capabilities. <i>S. cerevisiae</i> has been engineered to produce novel compounds from diverse sugars found in lignocellulosic biomass, including pentose sugars, like xylose, not recognized by the organism. Engineering high flux toward novel compounds has proved to be more challenging than anticipated since simply introducing pathway components is often not enough. Several studies show that the rewiring of upstream signaling is required to direct products toward pathways of interest, but doing so can diminish stress tolerance, which is important in industrial conditions. As an example of these challenges, we reviewed <i>S. cerevisiae</i> engineering efforts, enabling anaerobic xylose fermentation as a model system and showcasing the regulatory interplay’s controlling growth, metabolism, and stress defense. Enabling xylose fermentation in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> requires the introduction of several key metabolic enzymes but also regulatory rewiring of three signaling pathways at the intersection of the growth and stress defense responses: the RAS/PKA, Snf1, and high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathways. The current studies reviewed here suggest the modulation of global signaling pathways should be adopted into biorefinery microbial engineering pipelines to increase efficient product yields.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/8/786xylose fermentationsignal transductionyeastenvironmental stress responseprotein kinase A |
| spellingShingle | Ellen R. Wagner Audrey P. Gasch Advances in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> Engineering for Xylose Fermentation and Biofuel Production: Balancing Growth, Metabolism, and Defense Journal of Fungi xylose fermentation signal transduction yeast environmental stress response protein kinase A |
| title | Advances in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> Engineering for Xylose Fermentation and Biofuel Production: Balancing Growth, Metabolism, and Defense |
| title_full | Advances in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> Engineering for Xylose Fermentation and Biofuel Production: Balancing Growth, Metabolism, and Defense |
| title_fullStr | Advances in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> Engineering for Xylose Fermentation and Biofuel Production: Balancing Growth, Metabolism, and Defense |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> Engineering for Xylose Fermentation and Biofuel Production: Balancing Growth, Metabolism, and Defense |
| title_short | Advances in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> Engineering for Xylose Fermentation and Biofuel Production: Balancing Growth, Metabolism, and Defense |
| title_sort | advances in i s cerevisiae i engineering for xylose fermentation and biofuel production balancing growth metabolism and defense |
| topic | xylose fermentation signal transduction yeast environmental stress response protein kinase A |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/8/786 |
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