Influence of <i>β</i>-Ionone in the Phytotoxicity of the Rhizome of <i>Iris pallida</i> Lam
<i>Iris pallida</i> Lam., also known as Sweetie Iris, is a perennial ornamental and medicinal plant that produces a wide range of secondary metabolites. The Sweetie Iris was recently reported to have high allelopathic properties with the potential to be explored in sustainable weed manag...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/2/326 |
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| author | Yourk Sothearith Kwame Sarpong Appiah Chhin Sophea Jady Smith Say Samal Takashi Motobayashi Yoshiharu Fujii |
| author_facet | Yourk Sothearith Kwame Sarpong Appiah Chhin Sophea Jady Smith Say Samal Takashi Motobayashi Yoshiharu Fujii |
| author_sort | Yourk Sothearith |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Iris pallida</i> Lam., also known as Sweetie Iris, is a perennial ornamental and medicinal plant that produces a wide range of secondary metabolites. The Sweetie Iris was recently reported to have high allelopathic properties with the potential to be explored in sustainable weed management. This study aimed to identify and evaluate the contributions of compounds involved in the inhibitory effects of the rhizome of Sweetie Iris. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to determine the content of <i>β</i>-ionone in the rhizome of Sweetie Iris. The phytotoxicity of <i>β</i>-ionone was evaluated on lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i> L.) and other test plants. The content of <i>β</i>-ionone in the crude extract of Sweetie Iris rhizome was found to be 20.0 mg g<sup>−1</sup> by HPLC analysis. The phytotoxicity bioassay showed that <i>β</i>-ionone had strong inhibitory activity on the growth of lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i> L.) and the other test plants, including <i>Taraxacum officinale</i>, <i>Stellaria media</i>, <i>Eleusine indica</i>, <i>Amaranthus hybridus</i>, <i>Vicia villosa,</i> and <i>Brassica napus</i>. At a concentration of 23.0 µg mL<sup>−1</sup>, <i>β</i>-ionone inhibited the growth of all test plant species treated. Therefore, <i>β</i>-ionone is an active compound among the other allelopathic substances contained in the rhizome of Sweetie Iris. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:47:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3248323de32d4db6b2aaae5e97eb0d54 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:47:37Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-3248323de32d4db6b2aaae5e97eb0d542024-01-29T14:12:32ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-01-0113232610.3390/plants13020326Influence of <i>β</i>-Ionone in the Phytotoxicity of the Rhizome of <i>Iris pallida</i> LamYourk Sothearith0Kwame Sarpong Appiah1Chhin Sophea2Jady Smith3Say Samal4Takashi Motobayashi5Yoshiharu Fujii6Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai-cho 3-5-8, Fuchu 183-8509, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of International Environmental and Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai-cho 3-5-8, Fuchu 183-8509, Tokyo, JapanMinistry of Environment, Morodok Techcho (Lot 503) Tonle Bassac, Chamkarmorn, Phnom Penh 120101, CambodiaForest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, AustraliaMinistry of Environment, Morodok Techcho (Lot 503) Tonle Bassac, Chamkarmorn, Phnom Penh 120101, CambodiaDepartment of International Environmental and Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai-cho 3-5-8, Fuchu 183-8509, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of International Environmental and Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Saiwai-cho 3-5-8, Fuchu 183-8509, Tokyo, Japan<i>Iris pallida</i> Lam., also known as Sweetie Iris, is a perennial ornamental and medicinal plant that produces a wide range of secondary metabolites. The Sweetie Iris was recently reported to have high allelopathic properties with the potential to be explored in sustainable weed management. This study aimed to identify and evaluate the contributions of compounds involved in the inhibitory effects of the rhizome of Sweetie Iris. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was used to determine the content of <i>β</i>-ionone in the rhizome of Sweetie Iris. The phytotoxicity of <i>β</i>-ionone was evaluated on lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i> L.) and other test plants. The content of <i>β</i>-ionone in the crude extract of Sweetie Iris rhizome was found to be 20.0 mg g<sup>−1</sup> by HPLC analysis. The phytotoxicity bioassay showed that <i>β</i>-ionone had strong inhibitory activity on the growth of lettuce (<i>Lactuca sativa</i> L.) and the other test plants, including <i>Taraxacum officinale</i>, <i>Stellaria media</i>, <i>Eleusine indica</i>, <i>Amaranthus hybridus</i>, <i>Vicia villosa,</i> and <i>Brassica napus</i>. At a concentration of 23.0 µg mL<sup>−1</sup>, <i>β</i>-ionone inhibited the growth of all test plant species treated. Therefore, <i>β</i>-ionone is an active compound among the other allelopathic substances contained in the rhizome of Sweetie Iris.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/2/326allelopathyallelochemicalstotal activityspecific activityinhibitoryphytotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Yourk Sothearith Kwame Sarpong Appiah Chhin Sophea Jady Smith Say Samal Takashi Motobayashi Yoshiharu Fujii Influence of <i>β</i>-Ionone in the Phytotoxicity of the Rhizome of <i>Iris pallida</i> Lam Plants allelopathy allelochemicals total activity specific activity inhibitory phytotoxicity |
| title | Influence of <i>β</i>-Ionone in the Phytotoxicity of the Rhizome of <i>Iris pallida</i> Lam |
| title_full | Influence of <i>β</i>-Ionone in the Phytotoxicity of the Rhizome of <i>Iris pallida</i> Lam |
| title_fullStr | Influence of <i>β</i>-Ionone in the Phytotoxicity of the Rhizome of <i>Iris pallida</i> Lam |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of <i>β</i>-Ionone in the Phytotoxicity of the Rhizome of <i>Iris pallida</i> Lam |
| title_short | Influence of <i>β</i>-Ionone in the Phytotoxicity of the Rhizome of <i>Iris pallida</i> Lam |
| title_sort | influence of i β i ionone in the phytotoxicity of the rhizome of i iris pallida i lam |
| topic | allelopathy allelochemicals total activity specific activity inhibitory phytotoxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/2/326 |
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