Heat stress during the transition period is associated with impaired production, reproduction, and survival in dairy cows
ABSTRACT: Objectives of this retrospective cohort study were to determine the association of heat stress (HS) exposure during the periparturient period with production, health, reproduction, and survival during the first 90 d postpartum in dairy cows. A total of 5,722 Holstein cows (2,324 nulliparou...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Dairy Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030222001436 |
| _version_ | 1828466077498081280 |
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| author | P.R. Menta V.S. Machado J.M. Piñeiro W.W. Thatcher J.E.P. Santos A. Vieira-Neto |
| author_facet | P.R. Menta V.S. Machado J.M. Piñeiro W.W. Thatcher J.E.P. Santos A. Vieira-Neto |
| author_sort | P.R. Menta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: Objectives of this retrospective cohort study were to determine the association of heat stress (HS) exposure during the periparturient period with production, health, reproduction, and survival during the first 90 d postpartum in dairy cows. A total of 5,722 Holstein cows (2,324 nulliparous and 3,397 parous) were categorized into environmental condition groups based on average temperature-humidity index (THI) exposure as thermoneutral (TN) or HS during the prepartum (PRE) and early postpartum (POST) periods into TN-TN (THI: PRE = 57.9 and POST = 63.7), TN-HS (THI: PRE = 68.2 and POST = 72.0), HS-TN (THI: PRE = 71.4 and POST = 65.6), and HS-HS (THI PRE = 72.2 and POST = 72.7). Nulliparous and parous cows were analyzed separately. In nulliparous cows, exposure to HS during the PRE, POST, or both PRE and POST periods was associated with a 1.7 kg/cow per day reduction in milk yield compared with TN-TN. Postpartum HS was associated with increases of 4.4 percentage points in incidence of retained placenta, 18.1 percentage points in incidence of metritis, and 2.0 percentage points in incidence of mastitis, but a reduction of 5.3 percentage points in pregnancy at first AI, and an increase of 4.5 percentage points in pregnancy loss compared with POST TN. Exposure to HS during PRE and POST periods was associated with increased removal from the herd. In parous cows, exposure to HS during PRE, POST, or both PRE and POST was associated with a 2.4-kg/cow per day reduction in milk yield when compared with TN-TN. There was an interaction between HS exposure PRE and POST and incidence of retained placenta, because POST HS was associated with an increase in incidence of 5.8 percentage points within PRE HS cows, whereas no difference was found within PRE TN cows. Postpartum HS was associated with an increase of 6.3 percentage points in incidence of metritis and tended to be associated with an increase of 1.9 percentage points in mastitis incidence compared with POST TN. There was an interaction between HS exposure PRE and POST and pregnancy per AI because POST HS was associated with reduced pregnancy incidence by 10.6 percentage points within PRE TN cows, whereas no difference was found within PRE HS cows. Removal from the herd increased in cows exposed to HS during the PRE or POST or PRE and POST. These data suggest that POST HS is associated with performance losses to a greater extent than prepartum HS and that nulliparous and parous cows are prompt to losses associated with exposure to HS during the transition period. The results corroborate findings from manipulative experiments that showed improved milk production and reproduction in cows under HS provided with heat abatement but adds insights to the associations between HS and health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T03:45:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3249e605c2a6482cbcf5673c6a5b135f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0022-0302 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T03:45:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Dairy Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-3249e605c2a6482cbcf5673c6a5b135f2022-12-22T01:22:03ZengElsevierJournal of Dairy Science0022-03022022-05-01105544744489Heat stress during the transition period is associated with impaired production, reproduction, and survival in dairy cowsP.R. Menta0V.S. Machado1J.M. Piñeiro2W.W. Thatcher3J.E.P. Santos4A. Vieira-Neto5Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409Department of Veterinary Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409Department of Animal Sciences Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, Texas A&M University, Amarillo 79106Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506; Corresponding authorABSTRACT: Objectives of this retrospective cohort study were to determine the association of heat stress (HS) exposure during the periparturient period with production, health, reproduction, and survival during the first 90 d postpartum in dairy cows. A total of 5,722 Holstein cows (2,324 nulliparous and 3,397 parous) were categorized into environmental condition groups based on average temperature-humidity index (THI) exposure as thermoneutral (TN) or HS during the prepartum (PRE) and early postpartum (POST) periods into TN-TN (THI: PRE = 57.9 and POST = 63.7), TN-HS (THI: PRE = 68.2 and POST = 72.0), HS-TN (THI: PRE = 71.4 and POST = 65.6), and HS-HS (THI PRE = 72.2 and POST = 72.7). Nulliparous and parous cows were analyzed separately. In nulliparous cows, exposure to HS during the PRE, POST, or both PRE and POST periods was associated with a 1.7 kg/cow per day reduction in milk yield compared with TN-TN. Postpartum HS was associated with increases of 4.4 percentage points in incidence of retained placenta, 18.1 percentage points in incidence of metritis, and 2.0 percentage points in incidence of mastitis, but a reduction of 5.3 percentage points in pregnancy at first AI, and an increase of 4.5 percentage points in pregnancy loss compared with POST TN. Exposure to HS during PRE and POST periods was associated with increased removal from the herd. In parous cows, exposure to HS during PRE, POST, or both PRE and POST was associated with a 2.4-kg/cow per day reduction in milk yield when compared with TN-TN. There was an interaction between HS exposure PRE and POST and incidence of retained placenta, because POST HS was associated with an increase in incidence of 5.8 percentage points within PRE HS cows, whereas no difference was found within PRE TN cows. Postpartum HS was associated with an increase of 6.3 percentage points in incidence of metritis and tended to be associated with an increase of 1.9 percentage points in mastitis incidence compared with POST TN. There was an interaction between HS exposure PRE and POST and pregnancy per AI because POST HS was associated with reduced pregnancy incidence by 10.6 percentage points within PRE TN cows, whereas no difference was found within PRE HS cows. Removal from the herd increased in cows exposed to HS during the PRE or POST or PRE and POST. These data suggest that POST HS is associated with performance losses to a greater extent than prepartum HS and that nulliparous and parous cows are prompt to losses associated with exposure to HS during the transition period. The results corroborate findings from manipulative experiments that showed improved milk production and reproduction in cows under HS provided with heat abatement but adds insights to the associations between HS and health.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030222001436dairy cattleearly postpartumheat stresstransition period |
| spellingShingle | P.R. Menta V.S. Machado J.M. Piñeiro W.W. Thatcher J.E.P. Santos A. Vieira-Neto Heat stress during the transition period is associated with impaired production, reproduction, and survival in dairy cows Journal of Dairy Science dairy cattle early postpartum heat stress transition period |
| title | Heat stress during the transition period is associated with impaired production, reproduction, and survival in dairy cows |
| title_full | Heat stress during the transition period is associated with impaired production, reproduction, and survival in dairy cows |
| title_fullStr | Heat stress during the transition period is associated with impaired production, reproduction, and survival in dairy cows |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heat stress during the transition period is associated with impaired production, reproduction, and survival in dairy cows |
| title_short | Heat stress during the transition period is associated with impaired production, reproduction, and survival in dairy cows |
| title_sort | heat stress during the transition period is associated with impaired production reproduction and survival in dairy cows |
| topic | dairy cattle early postpartum heat stress transition period |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030222001436 |
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