The Effects of the Management Strategies on Spruce Bark Beetles Populations (<i>Ips typographus</i> and <i>Pityogenes chalcographus</i>), in Apuseni Natural Park, Romania
The population densities of <i>I. typographus</i> and <i>P. chalcographus</i> inside the Carpathian Mountains increasing mostly because of the non-synchronized and divers management strategies. The growing loss of trees from one year to another indicates assessment to determi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/6/760 |
| _version_ | 1797530787145318400 |
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| author | Ciprian George Fora Adalbert Balog |
| author_facet | Ciprian George Fora Adalbert Balog |
| author_sort | Ciprian George Fora |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The population densities of <i>I. typographus</i> and <i>P. chalcographus</i> inside the Carpathian Mountains increasing mostly because of the non-synchronized and divers management strategies. The growing loss of trees from one year to another indicates assessment to determine the influence of the current management practices (or the absence of such) on bark beetle densities. A comprehensive tree-year assessment were made inside the Apuseni Natural Park, with a surface of 75,784 ha, to assess the population density of bark beetles. High abundance of both species were detected from one year to another, both in managed and unmanaged forests, the latter explained by the presence of scattered wind falling trees which represent favorable places for oviposition. General linear modelling revealed that the effect of environmental variables (forest mean age, forest density, altitude and slope) on <i>I. typographus</i> density were only significant under management systems, and only forest age has significantly negative effect on bark beetles densities. Overall, we conclude that there is little difference in population between non-intervention and intervention areas and even over a relatively short period of time (2011–2013), the population of both species expanded, and new uninfected habitats were infected both in unmanaged and managed forests, therefore a synchronized management system has to be developed. Climate variables as temperature and precipitations has more significant effects on population density than management. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:33:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-324e65851f17458eb3cd0d33092378bc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:33:56Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-324e65851f17458eb3cd0d33092378bc2023-11-21T23:24:01ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072021-06-0112676010.3390/f12060760The Effects of the Management Strategies on Spruce Bark Beetles Populations (<i>Ips typographus</i> and <i>Pityogenes chalcographus</i>), in Apuseni Natural Park, RomaniaCiprian George Fora0Adalbert Balog1Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry, Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine “King Michael I of Romania” from Timișoara, Calea Aradului 119, 300645 Timișoara, RomaniaDepartment of Horticulture, Faculty of Technical and Human Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Aleea Sighișoarei 1C, 530104 Târgu Mureș/Corunca, RomaniaThe population densities of <i>I. typographus</i> and <i>P. chalcographus</i> inside the Carpathian Mountains increasing mostly because of the non-synchronized and divers management strategies. The growing loss of trees from one year to another indicates assessment to determine the influence of the current management practices (or the absence of such) on bark beetle densities. A comprehensive tree-year assessment were made inside the Apuseni Natural Park, with a surface of 75,784 ha, to assess the population density of bark beetles. High abundance of both species were detected from one year to another, both in managed and unmanaged forests, the latter explained by the presence of scattered wind falling trees which represent favorable places for oviposition. General linear modelling revealed that the effect of environmental variables (forest mean age, forest density, altitude and slope) on <i>I. typographus</i> density were only significant under management systems, and only forest age has significantly negative effect on bark beetles densities. Overall, we conclude that there is little difference in population between non-intervention and intervention areas and even over a relatively short period of time (2011–2013), the population of both species expanded, and new uninfected habitats were infected both in unmanaged and managed forests, therefore a synchronized management system has to be developed. Climate variables as temperature and precipitations has more significant effects on population density than management.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/6/760conservation areasmanagement systemsspruce forestclimate changepopulation density |
| spellingShingle | Ciprian George Fora Adalbert Balog The Effects of the Management Strategies on Spruce Bark Beetles Populations (<i>Ips typographus</i> and <i>Pityogenes chalcographus</i>), in Apuseni Natural Park, Romania Forests conservation areas management systems spruce forest climate change population density |
| title | The Effects of the Management Strategies on Spruce Bark Beetles Populations (<i>Ips typographus</i> and <i>Pityogenes chalcographus</i>), in Apuseni Natural Park, Romania |
| title_full | The Effects of the Management Strategies on Spruce Bark Beetles Populations (<i>Ips typographus</i> and <i>Pityogenes chalcographus</i>), in Apuseni Natural Park, Romania |
| title_fullStr | The Effects of the Management Strategies on Spruce Bark Beetles Populations (<i>Ips typographus</i> and <i>Pityogenes chalcographus</i>), in Apuseni Natural Park, Romania |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of the Management Strategies on Spruce Bark Beetles Populations (<i>Ips typographus</i> and <i>Pityogenes chalcographus</i>), in Apuseni Natural Park, Romania |
| title_short | The Effects of the Management Strategies on Spruce Bark Beetles Populations (<i>Ips typographus</i> and <i>Pityogenes chalcographus</i>), in Apuseni Natural Park, Romania |
| title_sort | effects of the management strategies on spruce bark beetles populations i ips typographus i and i pityogenes chalcographus i in apuseni natural park romania |
| topic | conservation areas management systems spruce forest climate change population density |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/12/6/760 |
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