Experimental hut evaluation of bednets treated with an organophosphate (chlorpyrifos-methyl) or a pyrethroid (lambdacyhalothrin) alone and in combination against insecticide-resistant <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>and <it>Culex quinquefasciatus </it>mosquitoes
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Pyrethroid resistant mosquitoes are becoming increasingly common in parts of Africa. It is important to identify alternative insecticides which, if necessary, could be used to replace or supplement the pyrethroids for use on treated...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2005-05-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
| Online Access: | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/4/1/25 |
| _version_ | 1818149868853526528 |
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| author | Corbel Vincent Chandre Fabrice Hougard Jean-Marc Curtis Christopher F Koffi Alphonsine A N' Guessan Raphael Asidi Alex N Darriet Frédéric Zaim Morteza Rowland Mark W |
| author_facet | Corbel Vincent Chandre Fabrice Hougard Jean-Marc Curtis Christopher F Koffi Alphonsine A N' Guessan Raphael Asidi Alex N Darriet Frédéric Zaim Morteza Rowland Mark W |
| author_sort | Corbel Vincent |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Pyrethroid resistant mosquitoes are becoming increasingly common in parts of Africa. It is important to identify alternative insecticides which, if necessary, could be used to replace or supplement the pyrethroids for use on treated nets. Certain compounds of an earlier generation of insecticides, the organophosphates may have potential as net treatments.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Comparative studies of chlorpyrifos-methyl (CM), an organophosphate with low mammalian toxicity, and lambdacyhalothrin (L), a pyrethroid, were conducted in experimental huts in Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa. <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>and <it>Culex quinquefasciatus </it>mosquitoes from the area are resistant to pyrethroids and organophosphates (<it>kdr </it>and insensitive acetylcholinesterase <it>Ace.1</it><sup><it>R</it></sup>). Several treatments and application rates on intact or holed nets were evaluated, including single treatments, mixtures, and differential wall/ceiling treatments.</p> <p>Results and Conclusion</p> <p>All of the treatments were effective in reducing blood feeding from sleepers under the nets and in killing both species of mosquito, despite the presence of the <it>kdr </it>and <it>Ace.1</it><sup><it>R </it></sup>genes at high frequency. In most cases, the effects of the various treatments did not differ significantly. Five washes of the nets in soap solution did not reduce the impact of the insecticides on <it>A. gambiae </it>mortality, but did lead to an increase in blood feeding. The three combinations performed no differently from the single insecticide treatments, but the low dose mixture performed encouragingly well indicating that such combinations might be used for controlling insecticide resistant mosquitoes. Mortality of mosquitoes that carried both <it>Ace.1</it><sup><it>R </it></sup>and <it>Ace.1</it><sup><it>S </it></sup>genes did not differ significantly from mosquitoes that carried only <it>Ace.1</it><sup><it>S </it></sup>genes on any of the treated nets, indicating that the <it>Ace.1</it><sup><it>R </it></sup>allele does not confer effective resistance to chlorpyrifos-methyl under the realistic conditions of an experimental hut.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T13:13:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-325510a243374dea89e11df71b7969d4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T13:13:53Z |
| publishDate | 2005-05-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-325510a243374dea89e11df71b7969d42022-12-22T01:06:06ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752005-05-01412510.1186/1475-2875-4-25Experimental hut evaluation of bednets treated with an organophosphate (chlorpyrifos-methyl) or a pyrethroid (lambdacyhalothrin) alone and in combination against insecticide-resistant <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>and <it>Culex quinquefasciatus </it>mosquitoesCorbel VincentChandre FabriceHougard Jean-MarcCurtis Christopher FKoffi Alphonsine AN' Guessan RaphaelAsidi Alex NDarriet FrédéricZaim MortezaRowland Mark W<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Pyrethroid resistant mosquitoes are becoming increasingly common in parts of Africa. It is important to identify alternative insecticides which, if necessary, could be used to replace or supplement the pyrethroids for use on treated nets. Certain compounds of an earlier generation of insecticides, the organophosphates may have potential as net treatments.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Comparative studies of chlorpyrifos-methyl (CM), an organophosphate with low mammalian toxicity, and lambdacyhalothrin (L), a pyrethroid, were conducted in experimental huts in Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa. <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>and <it>Culex quinquefasciatus </it>mosquitoes from the area are resistant to pyrethroids and organophosphates (<it>kdr </it>and insensitive acetylcholinesterase <it>Ace.1</it><sup><it>R</it></sup>). Several treatments and application rates on intact or holed nets were evaluated, including single treatments, mixtures, and differential wall/ceiling treatments.</p> <p>Results and Conclusion</p> <p>All of the treatments were effective in reducing blood feeding from sleepers under the nets and in killing both species of mosquito, despite the presence of the <it>kdr </it>and <it>Ace.1</it><sup><it>R </it></sup>genes at high frequency. In most cases, the effects of the various treatments did not differ significantly. Five washes of the nets in soap solution did not reduce the impact of the insecticides on <it>A. gambiae </it>mortality, but did lead to an increase in blood feeding. The three combinations performed no differently from the single insecticide treatments, but the low dose mixture performed encouragingly well indicating that such combinations might be used for controlling insecticide resistant mosquitoes. Mortality of mosquitoes that carried both <it>Ace.1</it><sup><it>R </it></sup>and <it>Ace.1</it><sup><it>S </it></sup>genes did not differ significantly from mosquitoes that carried only <it>Ace.1</it><sup><it>S </it></sup>genes on any of the treated nets, indicating that the <it>Ace.1</it><sup><it>R </it></sup>allele does not confer effective resistance to chlorpyrifos-methyl under the realistic conditions of an experimental hut.</p>http://www.malariajournal.com/content/4/1/25 |
| spellingShingle | Corbel Vincent Chandre Fabrice Hougard Jean-Marc Curtis Christopher F Koffi Alphonsine A N' Guessan Raphael Asidi Alex N Darriet Frédéric Zaim Morteza Rowland Mark W Experimental hut evaluation of bednets treated with an organophosphate (chlorpyrifos-methyl) or a pyrethroid (lambdacyhalothrin) alone and in combination against insecticide-resistant <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>and <it>Culex quinquefasciatus </it>mosquitoes Malaria Journal |
| title | Experimental hut evaluation of bednets treated with an organophosphate (chlorpyrifos-methyl) or a pyrethroid (lambdacyhalothrin) alone and in combination against insecticide-resistant <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>and <it>Culex quinquefasciatus </it>mosquitoes |
| title_full | Experimental hut evaluation of bednets treated with an organophosphate (chlorpyrifos-methyl) or a pyrethroid (lambdacyhalothrin) alone and in combination against insecticide-resistant <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>and <it>Culex quinquefasciatus </it>mosquitoes |
| title_fullStr | Experimental hut evaluation of bednets treated with an organophosphate (chlorpyrifos-methyl) or a pyrethroid (lambdacyhalothrin) alone and in combination against insecticide-resistant <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>and <it>Culex quinquefasciatus </it>mosquitoes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental hut evaluation of bednets treated with an organophosphate (chlorpyrifos-methyl) or a pyrethroid (lambdacyhalothrin) alone and in combination against insecticide-resistant <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>and <it>Culex quinquefasciatus </it>mosquitoes |
| title_short | Experimental hut evaluation of bednets treated with an organophosphate (chlorpyrifos-methyl) or a pyrethroid (lambdacyhalothrin) alone and in combination against insecticide-resistant <it>Anopheles gambiae </it>and <it>Culex quinquefasciatus </it>mosquitoes |
| title_sort | experimental hut evaluation of bednets treated with an organophosphate chlorpyrifos methyl or a pyrethroid lambdacyhalothrin alone and in combination against insecticide resistant it anopheles gambiae it and it culex quinquefasciatus it mosquitoes |
| url | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/4/1/25 |
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