Unraveling the Mysteries of Perineural Invasion in Benign and Malignant Conditions
Perineural invasion (PNI) is defined as the dissemination of neoplastic cells within the perineural space. PNI can be a strong indicator of malignancy and is linked to poor prognosis and adverse outcomes in various malignant neoplasms; nevertheless, it can also be seen in benign pathologic condition...
| Principais autores: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | English |
| Publicado em: |
MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| coleção: | Current Oncology |
| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: | https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/30/10/647 |
| _version_ | 1827721214443913216 |
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| author | Hisham F. Bahmad Samantha Gogola Michael Rejzer Kalin Stoyanov Aaron S. Gomez Ann-Katrin Valencia Adonicah Cummings Timothy Skerry Ferial Alloush Abed A. Aljamal Arunima Deb Sarah Alghamdi Robert Poppiti |
| author_facet | Hisham F. Bahmad Samantha Gogola Michael Rejzer Kalin Stoyanov Aaron S. Gomez Ann-Katrin Valencia Adonicah Cummings Timothy Skerry Ferial Alloush Abed A. Aljamal Arunima Deb Sarah Alghamdi Robert Poppiti |
| author_sort | Hisham F. Bahmad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Perineural invasion (PNI) is defined as the dissemination of neoplastic cells within the perineural space. PNI can be a strong indicator of malignancy and is linked to poor prognosis and adverse outcomes in various malignant neoplasms; nevertheless, it can also be seen in benign pathologic conditions. In this review article, we discuss various signaling pathways and neurotrophic factors implicated in the development and progression of PNI. We also describe the methodology, benefits, and limitations of different in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models of PNI. The spectrum of presentation for PNI can range from diffuse spread within large nerves (“named” nerves) all the way through localized spread into unnamed microscopic nerves. Therefore, the clinical significance of PNI is related to its extent rather than its mere presence or absence. In this article, we discuss the guidelines for the identification and quantification of PNI in different malignant neoplasms based on the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. We also describe benign pathologic conditions and neoplasms demonstrating PNI and potential mimics of PNI. Finally, we explore avenues for the future development of targeted therapy options via modulation of signaling pathways involved in PNI. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:19:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-3256e72403434824b9de4177eece7ee6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1198-0052 1718-7729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:19:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Current Oncology |
| spelling | doaj.art-3256e72403434824b9de4177eece7ee62023-11-19T16:10:52ZengMDPI AGCurrent Oncology1198-00521718-77292023-09-0130108948897210.3390/curroncol30100647Unraveling the Mysteries of Perineural Invasion in Benign and Malignant ConditionsHisham F. Bahmad0Samantha Gogola1Michael Rejzer2Kalin Stoyanov3Aaron S. Gomez4Ann-Katrin Valencia5Adonicah Cummings6Timothy Skerry7Ferial Alloush8Abed A. Aljamal9Arunima Deb10Sarah Alghamdi11Robert Poppiti12The Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USAHerbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAHerbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAHerbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAHerbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAHerbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAHerbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAHerbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USAThe Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USADepartment of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USAThe Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USAThe Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USAThe Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USAPerineural invasion (PNI) is defined as the dissemination of neoplastic cells within the perineural space. PNI can be a strong indicator of malignancy and is linked to poor prognosis and adverse outcomes in various malignant neoplasms; nevertheless, it can also be seen in benign pathologic conditions. In this review article, we discuss various signaling pathways and neurotrophic factors implicated in the development and progression of PNI. We also describe the methodology, benefits, and limitations of different in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models of PNI. The spectrum of presentation for PNI can range from diffuse spread within large nerves (“named” nerves) all the way through localized spread into unnamed microscopic nerves. Therefore, the clinical significance of PNI is related to its extent rather than its mere presence or absence. In this article, we discuss the guidelines for the identification and quantification of PNI in different malignant neoplasms based on the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations. We also describe benign pathologic conditions and neoplasms demonstrating PNI and potential mimics of PNI. Finally, we explore avenues for the future development of targeted therapy options via modulation of signaling pathways involved in PNI.https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/30/10/647perineural invasionTNM classificationstagingCollege of American PathologistsWorld Health Organization |
| spellingShingle | Hisham F. Bahmad Samantha Gogola Michael Rejzer Kalin Stoyanov Aaron S. Gomez Ann-Katrin Valencia Adonicah Cummings Timothy Skerry Ferial Alloush Abed A. Aljamal Arunima Deb Sarah Alghamdi Robert Poppiti Unraveling the Mysteries of Perineural Invasion in Benign and Malignant Conditions Current Oncology perineural invasion TNM classification staging College of American Pathologists World Health Organization |
| title | Unraveling the Mysteries of Perineural Invasion in Benign and Malignant Conditions |
| title_full | Unraveling the Mysteries of Perineural Invasion in Benign and Malignant Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Unraveling the Mysteries of Perineural Invasion in Benign and Malignant Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unraveling the Mysteries of Perineural Invasion in Benign and Malignant Conditions |
| title_short | Unraveling the Mysteries of Perineural Invasion in Benign and Malignant Conditions |
| title_sort | unraveling the mysteries of perineural invasion in benign and malignant conditions |
| topic | perineural invasion TNM classification staging College of American Pathologists World Health Organization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/30/10/647 |
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