Emergence of plasmid-mediated mcr genes from Gram-negative bacteria at the human-animal interface
Abstract Background The global emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (Col-R) conferred by mcr genes in gram-negative rods (GNRs) has jeopardized the last treatment option for multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in humans. This study aimed to assess the emergence of mcr gene-mediated...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Gut Pathogens |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13099-020-00392-3 |
| _version_ | 1818437073166663680 |
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| author | Humera Javed Sidrah Saleem Aizza Zafar Aamir Ghafoor Ahmad Bin Shahzad Hasan Ejaz Kashaf Junaid Shah Jahan |
| author_facet | Humera Javed Sidrah Saleem Aizza Zafar Aamir Ghafoor Ahmad Bin Shahzad Hasan Ejaz Kashaf Junaid Shah Jahan |
| author_sort | Humera Javed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The global emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (Col-R) conferred by mcr genes in gram-negative rods (GNRs) has jeopardized the last treatment option for multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in humans. This study aimed to assess the emergence of mcr gene-mediated Col-R in GNRs isolated from humans and animals in Pakistan. Methods Animal and clinical specimens collected from various sources were prospectively analysed using standard microbiological procedures. Pathogens were identified using the API 20E and API 20NE systems (bioMerieux). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against colistin was determined using the MIC detection methods, and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes. Results We isolated 126 (88.1%) animal and 17 (11.9%) human Col-R phenotypes, among which there was a significant association (P < 0.01) of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis with animals and of Acinetobacter baumannii with humans. Animal strains exhibited statistically significant (P < 0.05) resistance to co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol, and moxifloxacin, and the human pathogens exhibited statistically significant (P < 0.05) antibiotic resistance to cephalosporins, carbapenems, and piperacillin-tazobactam. For Col-R strains, MIC50 values were > 6 µg/mL and > 12 µg/mL for human and animal isolates, respectively. mcr genes were detected in 110 (76.9%) bacterial strains, of which 108 (98.2%) were mcr-1 and 2 (1.8%) were mcr-2. Conclusions The detection of a considerable number of mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes in animals is worrisome, as they are now being detected in clinical pathogens. The acquisition of mcr genes by colistin-susceptible bacteria could leave us in a post-antibiotic era. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T17:18:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-325a14b5f32a417880e8f6cf04ef79a5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1757-4749 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T17:18:52Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gut Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-325a14b5f32a417880e8f6cf04ef79a52022-12-21T22:53:22ZengBMCGut Pathogens1757-47492020-11-011211910.1186/s13099-020-00392-3Emergence of plasmid-mediated mcr genes from Gram-negative bacteria at the human-animal interfaceHumera Javed0Sidrah Saleem1Aizza Zafar2Aamir Ghafoor3Ahmad Bin Shahzad4Hasan Ejaz5Kashaf Junaid6Shah Jahan7Department of Microbiology, University of Health SciencesDepartment of Microbiology, University of Health SciencesDepartment of Microbiology, The Children’s Hospital & The Institute of Child HealthUniversity Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Veterinary and Animal SciencesDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf UniversityDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf UniversityDepartment of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Khayaban-e-Jamia PunjabAbstract Background The global emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance (Col-R) conferred by mcr genes in gram-negative rods (GNRs) has jeopardized the last treatment option for multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in humans. This study aimed to assess the emergence of mcr gene-mediated Col-R in GNRs isolated from humans and animals in Pakistan. Methods Animal and clinical specimens collected from various sources were prospectively analysed using standard microbiological procedures. Pathogens were identified using the API 20E and API 20NE systems (bioMerieux). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against colistin was determined using the MIC detection methods, and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes. Results We isolated 126 (88.1%) animal and 17 (11.9%) human Col-R phenotypes, among which there was a significant association (P < 0.01) of Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis with animals and of Acinetobacter baumannii with humans. Animal strains exhibited statistically significant (P < 0.05) resistance to co-trimoxazole, chloramphenicol, and moxifloxacin, and the human pathogens exhibited statistically significant (P < 0.05) antibiotic resistance to cephalosporins, carbapenems, and piperacillin-tazobactam. For Col-R strains, MIC50 values were > 6 µg/mL and > 12 µg/mL for human and animal isolates, respectively. mcr genes were detected in 110 (76.9%) bacterial strains, of which 108 (98.2%) were mcr-1 and 2 (1.8%) were mcr-2. Conclusions The detection of a considerable number of mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes in animals is worrisome, as they are now being detected in clinical pathogens. The acquisition of mcr genes by colistin-susceptible bacteria could leave us in a post-antibiotic era.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13099-020-00392-3Antibacterial profileAntimicrobial resistanceColistin resistancemcr genesMobile colistin resistancePlasmid-mediated resistance |
| spellingShingle | Humera Javed Sidrah Saleem Aizza Zafar Aamir Ghafoor Ahmad Bin Shahzad Hasan Ejaz Kashaf Junaid Shah Jahan Emergence of plasmid-mediated mcr genes from Gram-negative bacteria at the human-animal interface Gut Pathogens Antibacterial profile Antimicrobial resistance Colistin resistance mcr genes Mobile colistin resistance Plasmid-mediated resistance |
| title | Emergence of plasmid-mediated mcr genes from Gram-negative bacteria at the human-animal interface |
| title_full | Emergence of plasmid-mediated mcr genes from Gram-negative bacteria at the human-animal interface |
| title_fullStr | Emergence of plasmid-mediated mcr genes from Gram-negative bacteria at the human-animal interface |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emergence of plasmid-mediated mcr genes from Gram-negative bacteria at the human-animal interface |
| title_short | Emergence of plasmid-mediated mcr genes from Gram-negative bacteria at the human-animal interface |
| title_sort | emergence of plasmid mediated mcr genes from gram negative bacteria at the human animal interface |
| topic | Antibacterial profile Antimicrobial resistance Colistin resistance mcr genes Mobile colistin resistance Plasmid-mediated resistance |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13099-020-00392-3 |
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