| Summary: | <i>Conocybe</i> belongs to the Bolbitiaceae. The morphological classification and molecular phylogenetics of <i>Conocybe</i> section <i>Pilosellae</i> are not in agreement. In this study, based on the specimens from China, we investigated the sect. <i>Pilosellae</i> and identified 17 species, including 7 new species: <i>Conocybe pilosa</i>, with a densely hairy pileus and stipe; <i>C. reniformis</i>, with reniform spores; <i>C. ceracea</i>, with waxy dehydration of the lamellae; <i>C. muscicola</i>, growing on moss; <i>C. sinobispora</i>, with two-spored basidia; <i>C. hydrophila</i>, with a hygrophanous pileus; <i>C. rufostipes</i>, growing on dung with a brown stipe; and <i>C. pseudocrispa</i>, one new record for China. A key was compiled for the sect. <i>Pilosellae</i> in China. Here, the sect. <i>Pilosellae</i>, and new species and records from China are morphologically described and illustrated. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses were performed using a combined nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and nuc 28S rDNA (nrLSU), and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (<i>tef1-α</i>) dataset to reconstruct the relationships of this section. We found that the sect. <i>Pilosellae</i> was the basal clade of <i>Conocybe</i>, and its evolutionary features may shed light on the characteristics of <i>Conocybe</i>. By integrating morphological classification and phylogenetic analysis, we explored the possible phylogenetic relationships among the species of the sect. <i>Pilosellae</i> in China.
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