Uptake, depuration, and behavioural effects of oxazepam on activity and foraging in a tropical snail (Melanoides tuberculata)
Pharmaceuticals are increasingly being detected in surface waters around the globe, giving rise to concerns that they may alter the physiology and behaviour of aquatic organisms exposed in the wild. Invertebrates represent important components of many ecosystems and bear a high potential for transmi...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Environmental Advances |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666765722000230 |
| _version_ | 1818546880191135744 |
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| author | Aneesh P.H. Bose Tomas Brodin Daniel Cerveny Erin S. McCallum |
| author_facet | Aneesh P.H. Bose Tomas Brodin Daniel Cerveny Erin S. McCallum |
| author_sort | Aneesh P.H. Bose |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pharmaceuticals are increasingly being detected in surface waters around the globe, giving rise to concerns that they may alter the physiology and behaviour of aquatic organisms exposed in the wild. Invertebrates represent important components of many ecosystems and bear a high potential for transmitting pharmaceutical contaminants to higher trophic levels. Here, we present a laboratory study in which we exposed a freshwater tropical snail, Melanoides tuberculata, to a serial dilution of the benzodiazepine oxazepam ranging from 50 ng/L to 5 mg/L. We tested for subsequent behavioural effects, including locomotor activity and foraging propensity, at two diurnal time points (day and night), and across three days. We found that the snails displayed a high level of behavioural tolerance to all treatments of oxazepam except at the highest exposure, where locomotor and foraging activity declined. We also detected a weak non-monotonic response curve suggestive of behavioural disinhibition at moderate exposure levels. Regardless of treatment, the snails were also less active after three days of exposure and more active during nighttime observations. We measured the uptake of oxazepam in tissues across treatments, showing that it bioconcentrated at up to 29 times the water exposure level (BCF range: 7 - 29). Finally, we characterized the uptake/depuration pharmacokinetics of oxazepam in snail tissues across time, which revealed that the snails reach a steady state equilibrium in < 8 hours of exposure and depurate at a similar rate. Overall, our study suggests that snails such as M. tuberculata, due to their behavioural resilience and high bioconcentration potential, could act as vectors for pharmaceutical transfer throughout the food web in pharmaceutical-polluted habitats (e.g., wastewater outfalls). |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T07:59:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-326ffd8a604c4be0ab525d3787904759 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-7657 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T07:59:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Advances |
| spelling | doaj.art-326ffd8a604c4be0ab525d37879047592022-12-22T00:32:12ZengElsevierEnvironmental Advances2666-76572022-07-018100187Uptake, depuration, and behavioural effects of oxazepam on activity and foraging in a tropical snail (Melanoides tuberculata)Aneesh P.H. Bose0Tomas Brodin1Daniel Cerveny2Erin S. McCallum3Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany; Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden; Corresponding author at: Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior: Max-Planck-Institut fur Verhaltensbiologie, Germany.Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, SwedenDepartment of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, Sweden; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Zatisi 728/II, Vodnany, Czech RepublicDepartment of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany; Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), 90183, Umeå, SwedenPharmaceuticals are increasingly being detected in surface waters around the globe, giving rise to concerns that they may alter the physiology and behaviour of aquatic organisms exposed in the wild. Invertebrates represent important components of many ecosystems and bear a high potential for transmitting pharmaceutical contaminants to higher trophic levels. Here, we present a laboratory study in which we exposed a freshwater tropical snail, Melanoides tuberculata, to a serial dilution of the benzodiazepine oxazepam ranging from 50 ng/L to 5 mg/L. We tested for subsequent behavioural effects, including locomotor activity and foraging propensity, at two diurnal time points (day and night), and across three days. We found that the snails displayed a high level of behavioural tolerance to all treatments of oxazepam except at the highest exposure, where locomotor and foraging activity declined. We also detected a weak non-monotonic response curve suggestive of behavioural disinhibition at moderate exposure levels. Regardless of treatment, the snails were also less active after three days of exposure and more active during nighttime observations. We measured the uptake of oxazepam in tissues across treatments, showing that it bioconcentrated at up to 29 times the water exposure level (BCF range: 7 - 29). Finally, we characterized the uptake/depuration pharmacokinetics of oxazepam in snail tissues across time, which revealed that the snails reach a steady state equilibrium in < 8 hours of exposure and depurate at a similar rate. Overall, our study suggests that snails such as M. tuberculata, due to their behavioural resilience and high bioconcentration potential, could act as vectors for pharmaceutical transfer throughout the food web in pharmaceutical-polluted habitats (e.g., wastewater outfalls).http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666765722000230aquatic invertebratebenzodiazepinepharmacokineticsbioconcentrationgastropodpharmaceutical |
| spellingShingle | Aneesh P.H. Bose Tomas Brodin Daniel Cerveny Erin S. McCallum Uptake, depuration, and behavioural effects of oxazepam on activity and foraging in a tropical snail (Melanoides tuberculata) Environmental Advances aquatic invertebrate benzodiazepine pharmacokinetics bioconcentration gastropod pharmaceutical |
| title | Uptake, depuration, and behavioural effects of oxazepam on activity and foraging in a tropical snail (Melanoides tuberculata) |
| title_full | Uptake, depuration, and behavioural effects of oxazepam on activity and foraging in a tropical snail (Melanoides tuberculata) |
| title_fullStr | Uptake, depuration, and behavioural effects of oxazepam on activity and foraging in a tropical snail (Melanoides tuberculata) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Uptake, depuration, and behavioural effects of oxazepam on activity and foraging in a tropical snail (Melanoides tuberculata) |
| title_short | Uptake, depuration, and behavioural effects of oxazepam on activity and foraging in a tropical snail (Melanoides tuberculata) |
| title_sort | uptake depuration and behavioural effects of oxazepam on activity and foraging in a tropical snail melanoides tuberculata |
| topic | aquatic invertebrate benzodiazepine pharmacokinetics bioconcentration gastropod pharmaceutical |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666765722000230 |
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