Secondary Organic and Inorganic Aerosol Formation from a GDI Vehicle under Different Driving Conditions
This study investigated the primary emissions and secondary aerosol formation from a gasoline direct injection (GDI) passenger car when operated over different legislative and real-world driving cycles on a chassis dynamometer. Diluted vehicle exhaust was photooxidized in a 30 m<sup>3</sup&...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-03-01
|
| Series: | Atmosphere |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/3/433 |
| _version_ | 1797472886226681856 |
|---|---|
| author | Weihan Peng Cavan McCaffery Niina Kuittinen Topi Rönkkö David R. Cocker Georgios Karavalakis |
| author_facet | Weihan Peng Cavan McCaffery Niina Kuittinen Topi Rönkkö David R. Cocker Georgios Karavalakis |
| author_sort | Weihan Peng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigated the primary emissions and secondary aerosol formation from a gasoline direct injection (GDI) passenger car when operated over different legislative and real-world driving cycles on a chassis dynamometer. Diluted vehicle exhaust was photooxidized in a 30 m<sup>3</sup> environmental chamber. Results showed elevated gaseous and particulate emissions for the cold-start cycles and higher secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, suggesting that cold-start condition will generate higher concentrations of SOA precursors. Total secondary aerosol mass exceeded primary PM emissions and was dominated by inorganic aerosol (ammonium and nitrate) for all driving cycles. Further chamber experiments in high temperature conditions verified that more ammonium nitrate nucleates to form new particles, forming a secondary peak in particle size distribution instead of condensing to black carbon particles. The results of this study revealed that the absorption of radiation by black carbon particles can lead to changes in secondary ammonium nitrate formation. Our work indicates the potential formation of new ammonium nitrate particles during low temperature conditions favored by the tailpipe ammonia and nitrogen oxide emissions from gasoline vehicles. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:07:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-327c81c7727340fe9ba8bd823f1c0a60 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:07:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-327c81c7727340fe9ba8bd823f1c0a602023-11-24T00:26:51ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332022-03-0113343310.3390/atmos13030433Secondary Organic and Inorganic Aerosol Formation from a GDI Vehicle under Different Driving ConditionsWeihan Peng0Cavan McCaffery1Niina Kuittinen2Topi Rönkkö3David R. Cocker4Georgios Karavalakis5Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, 1084 Columbia Ave, Riverside, CA 92507, USACenter for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, 1084 Columbia Ave, Riverside, CA 92507, USAAerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33720 Tampere, FinlandAerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33720 Tampere, FinlandCenter for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, 1084 Columbia Ave, Riverside, CA 92507, USACenter for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, 1084 Columbia Ave, Riverside, CA 92507, USAThis study investigated the primary emissions and secondary aerosol formation from a gasoline direct injection (GDI) passenger car when operated over different legislative and real-world driving cycles on a chassis dynamometer. Diluted vehicle exhaust was photooxidized in a 30 m<sup>3</sup> environmental chamber. Results showed elevated gaseous and particulate emissions for the cold-start cycles and higher secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, suggesting that cold-start condition will generate higher concentrations of SOA precursors. Total secondary aerosol mass exceeded primary PM emissions and was dominated by inorganic aerosol (ammonium and nitrate) for all driving cycles. Further chamber experiments in high temperature conditions verified that more ammonium nitrate nucleates to form new particles, forming a secondary peak in particle size distribution instead of condensing to black carbon particles. The results of this study revealed that the absorption of radiation by black carbon particles can lead to changes in secondary ammonium nitrate formation. Our work indicates the potential formation of new ammonium nitrate particles during low temperature conditions favored by the tailpipe ammonia and nitrogen oxide emissions from gasoline vehicles.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/3/433secondary organic aerosol (SOA)ammonium nitratedriving cyclesprimary emissionsgasoline direct injection |
| spellingShingle | Weihan Peng Cavan McCaffery Niina Kuittinen Topi Rönkkö David R. Cocker Georgios Karavalakis Secondary Organic and Inorganic Aerosol Formation from a GDI Vehicle under Different Driving Conditions Atmosphere secondary organic aerosol (SOA) ammonium nitrate driving cycles primary emissions gasoline direct injection |
| title | Secondary Organic and Inorganic Aerosol Formation from a GDI Vehicle under Different Driving Conditions |
| title_full | Secondary Organic and Inorganic Aerosol Formation from a GDI Vehicle under Different Driving Conditions |
| title_fullStr | Secondary Organic and Inorganic Aerosol Formation from a GDI Vehicle under Different Driving Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Secondary Organic and Inorganic Aerosol Formation from a GDI Vehicle under Different Driving Conditions |
| title_short | Secondary Organic and Inorganic Aerosol Formation from a GDI Vehicle under Different Driving Conditions |
| title_sort | secondary organic and inorganic aerosol formation from a gdi vehicle under different driving conditions |
| topic | secondary organic aerosol (SOA) ammonium nitrate driving cycles primary emissions gasoline direct injection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/3/433 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT weihanpeng secondaryorganicandinorganicaerosolformationfromagdivehicleunderdifferentdrivingconditions AT cavanmccaffery secondaryorganicandinorganicaerosolformationfromagdivehicleunderdifferentdrivingconditions AT niinakuittinen secondaryorganicandinorganicaerosolformationfromagdivehicleunderdifferentdrivingconditions AT topironkko secondaryorganicandinorganicaerosolformationfromagdivehicleunderdifferentdrivingconditions AT davidrcocker secondaryorganicandinorganicaerosolformationfromagdivehicleunderdifferentdrivingconditions AT georgioskaravalakis secondaryorganicandinorganicaerosolformationfromagdivehicleunderdifferentdrivingconditions |